Die Optimierung von Docker-Images beinhaltet die Verringerung der Größe (kleiner, schneller, sicherer) und die Verbesserung der Build-Performance (schnellere Builds durch Caching). Techniken umfassen minimale Base-Images, Multi-Stage-Builds, Layer-Optimierung, BuildKit und durchdachtes Dockerfile-Design.
Verringerung der Image-Größe
✓ MINIMAL base images:
- alpine (tiny, ~5MB) — but musl libc can cause compatibility issues for some apps
- slim variants (e.g. python:3.12-slim) — smaller than full, fewer compat issues
- DISTROLESS — only the app + runtime, NO shell/package manager (smallest, most secure)
- scratch — empty base (for static binaries, e.g. Go) → minimal image
✓ MULTI-STAGE builds — build with tools, ship only the artifact (huge size savings)
✓ Combine RUN layers + clean up IN the same layer:
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y x && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
(cleanup in a SEPARATE layer doesn't shrink the image — the files are in the earlier layer)
✓ .dockerignore — keep junk out of the context/image
✓ Remove caches, temp files, dev dependencies in production images
