Le rendu dans Flutter implique trois arbres — l'arbre des Widget (configuration), l'arbre des Element (les widgets instantiés et gérés) et l'arbre des RenderObject (mise en page et dessin). Comprendre ce pipeline démystifie comment Flutter transforme efficacement les widgets en pixels.
Les trois arbres
WIDGET tree → immutable CONFIGURATION (what you write: the description of the UI)
→ cheap to create/recreate; rebuilt often (build() returns new widgets)
ELEMENT tree → the INSTANTIATED widgets; manages lifecycle and LINKS widgets to render
objects; PERSISTS across rebuilds (this is the key to efficiency)
RENDEROBJECT tree → does the actual LAYOUT, PAINTING, and hit-testing (the heavy objects)
→ expensive; REUSED and updated (not recreated) across rebuilds
