Cad iad Route Handlers (routes API) san App Router?

Question

Accepted Answer

**Route Handlers** an bealach atá ag an App Router chun pointí deiridh API a thógáil — láimhdeoir HTTP cúlra atá i do thionscadal Next.js. Is féidir leat iad a chruthú le comhad **`route.ts`**, ag easpórtáil feidhmeanna ainmnithe i ndiaidh modhanna HTTP.

## Pointe deiridh a shainiú

```ts
// app/api/users/route.ts  →  serves /api/users
import { NextRequest, NextResponse } from "next/server";

export async function GET() {
  const users = await db.user.findMany();
  return NextResponse.json(users);             // GET /api/users
}

export async function POST(req: NextRequest) {
  const body = await req.json();               // read the request body
  const user = await db.user.create({ data: body });
  return NextResponse.json(user, { status: 201 }); // POST /api/users
}
```

Gach modh easpórtáilte (`GET`, `POST`, `PUT`, `PATCH`, `DELETE`) a bhainistithe an briathar sin. Úsáideann siad na APIanna Web caighdeánach `Request`/`Response` (trí `NextRequest`/`NextResponse`).

## Paraiméadair agus ceistiú a léamh

```ts
// app/api/users/[id]/route.ts → /api/users/123
export async function GET(req: NextRequest, { params }: { params: { id: string } }) {
  const url = new URL(req.url);
  const sort = url.searchParams.get("sort"); // ?sort=name
  const user = await db.user.findUnique({ where: { id: params.id } });
  return NextResponse.json(user);
}
```

## Cathain a úsáid Route Handlers vs Server Actions/Components

```text
Use Route Handlers for:
  ✓ Public APIs consumed by mobile apps / external clients
  ✓ Webhooks (Stripe, GitHub) — they need a URL endpoint
  ✓ Returning non-HTML (JSON, files, images, RSS)
  ✓ Client-side fetch() targets

Prefer Server Components for reading data into your own pages,
and Server Actions for form mutations — they avoid a manual API layer.
```

## Cumais eile

```ts
export const runtime = "edge";       // run on the Edge runtime
export const dynamic = "force-dynamic"; // opt out of caching
// Handlers can also stream responses, set cookies, and handle CORS.
```

## Cén fáth a bhíonn sé tábhachtach

Déanann Route Handlers Next.js iomlán-staic: tógann tú APIanna REST/JSON, webhooks, agus pointí deiridh comhad in éineacht le do tosaigh le `Request`/`Response` caighdeánach an ghréasáin.

Bheith i ngnó nuair a bhaint amach dóibh (cliant seachtrach, webhooks, freagraí neamh-HTML) i gcomparáid le húsáid Server Components/Actions (léamh sonraí inmheánach agus athruithe) ríthábhachtach chun inneall cúlra App Router a struchtúrú go geal.