Docker Linux kernel features का उपयोग करता है — namespaces (isolation), cgroups (resource control), और union filesystems (layered images) — lightweight containers बनाने के लिए। underlying mechanisms को समझने से यह स्पष्ट होता है कि containers isolation और efficiency कैसे प्राप्त करते हैं।
Namespaces — isolation
Linux NAMESPACES isolate what a process can SEE — giving each container its own view:
PID namespace → its own process tree (container sees only its processes)
NET namespace → its own network interfaces, IPs, ports
MNT namespace → its own filesystem mounts
UTS namespace → its own hostname
IPC, USER namespaces → isolated IPC, user/group ID mapping
→ Namespaces are WHY a container feels like a separate machine (isolated view),
while actually sharing the host kernel.
