Google की SRE book के अनुसार, चार golden signals हैं latency, traffic, errors, और saturation। अगर आप किसी user-facing system के बारे में केवल चार चीज़ें माप सकते हैं, तो ये मापें — मिलकर ये अधिकांश समस्याओं को पकड़ लेते हैं।
चार signals
LATENCY how long a request takes
→ split SUCCESSFUL vs FAILED latency (a fast 500 isn't "fast")
→ track percentiles (p50/p95/p99), not averages
TRAFFIC how much demand the system is under
→ requests/sec, transactions/sec, concurrent sessions
ERRORS rate of failing requests
→ explicit (HTTP 500) and implicit (wrong content, too slow)
SATURATION how "full" the system is — its most constrained resource
→ CPU, memory, I/O, queue depth; a leading indicator of trouble
