The Decorator pattern dynamically adds behavior or responsibilities to objects by wrapping them — without modifying the original class. It provides a flexible alternative to subclassing for extending functionality, letting you compose behaviors.
What the Decorator pattern does
DECORATOR → WRAP an object to add behavior, keeping the same interface:
→ the decorator wraps the original, adds its behavior, and delegates to the original
→ you can STACK decorators (wrap a wrapped object) → compose multiple behaviors
→ adds functionality WITHOUT modifying the original class or using subclassing
→ "wrap to extend" — flexible, composable behavior addition
