How do you architect a React Native application?

Question

IT Interview Practice · Accepted Answer

Architecting a React Native app well involves **organizing code**, **separating concerns** (UI, logic, data), choosing **state management**, and structuring for **maintainability, testability, and scalability**. Good architecture matters as apps grow.

## Project organization

```text
Organize code by FEATURE or by TYPE (feature-based scales better for large apps):
  src/features/auth/{components, screens, hooks, api, store}/   (feature-based)
  OR src/{components, screens, hooks, services, store, navigation, utils}/  (type-based)
→ Keep related code together; separate reusable from feature-specific code.
```

## Separation of concerns (layers)

```text
PRESENTATION → components/screens (UI, display, user interaction) — keep "dumb" where possible
LOGIC → hooks, state management, business logic (separate from UI)
DATA → API services / repositories (abstract data access); server state via React Query
→ Components display; hooks/state hold logic; services handle data → testable, maintainable.
```

## Key architectural decisions

```text
✓ STATE MANAGEMENT → local (useState), Context, or a library (Redux Toolkit/Zustand) by
  complexity; React Query for SERVER state (separate from client state)
✓ CUSTOM HOOKS → extract reusable logic (useAuth, useFetch) — a key RN/React pattern
✓ COMPONENT structure → small, reusable, composable components; presentational vs container
✓ NAVIGATION structure (React Navigation); TYPED with TypeScript
✓ Abstract API/data access (services/repositories) — swappable, testable
```

## Principles

```text
✓ Separation of concerns; testability; reusability (components + hooks)
✓ Keep components focused; logic in hooks/services (not bloated components)
✓ Don't over-engineer small apps; scale architecture to complexity
```

## Why it matters

Understanding how to architect a React Native application is important senior-level knowledge because **good architecture is essential for building maintainable, testable, scalable apps** as they grow, so it's valuable for serious React Native development.

As apps grow beyond simple examples, poor architecture (logic crammed into components, no separation) makes them hard to maintain, test, and extend — making architectural thinking important.

Understanding **project organization** (by feature for larger apps, keeping related code together, separating reusable from feature-specific code) provides structure that scales.

Understanding **separation of concerns** (presentation components for UI, hooks/state for logic, services/repositories for data — keeping components "dumb" and logic separate) is fundamental to maintainable, testable code.

Understanding the **key architectural decisions** — choosing state management by complexity (local, Context, Redux Toolkit/Zustand) with **React Query for server state** (the important client/server-state distinction), using **custom hooks** to extract reusable logic (a key React Native/React pattern that keeps components clean and logic reusable), structuring components (small, reusable, composable), typed navigation, and abstracting data access — reflects the decisions that shape a well-architected app.

Understanding the **principles** (separation of concerns, testability, reusability via components and hooks, keeping components focused with logic in hooks/services, and not over-engineering small apps) reflects mature architectural judgment scaled to the app's complexity.

Since good architecture is essential for maintainable, testable, scalable React Native apps as they grow (with poor architecture causing real problems), and since understanding code organization, separation of concerns, custom hooks, state management decisions, and architectural principles enables building well-structured apps, understanding how to architect a React Native application is important senior-level knowledge for serious React Native development — a key competency for building maintainable, scalable apps that distinguishes professional development, reflecting the architectural thinking expected for senior roles.

Project organization

Separation of concerns (layers)

Key architectural decisions

Principles

Why it matters

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