良いテストを書く — つまり、信頼性が高く、保守しやすく、価値のあるテスト — は確立されたベストプラクティスに従います。質の低いテスト(脆弱で、遅く、不明確)は負担になりますが、良いテストは長期的な価値を提供します。これらのプラクティスを理解することは、効果的なテストのために重要です。
良いテストの特性(FIRST)
FAST → run quickly (so they're run often)
INDEPENDENT/ISOLATED → don't depend on each other or order; each sets up its own state
REPEATABLE → same result every time, any environment (no flakiness)
SELF-VALIDATING → clear pass/fail (assertions, not manual inspection)
TIMELY → written with (or before) the code
主なプラクティス
✓ Test BEHAVIOR, not implementation → tests survive refactoring (don't test internals)
✓ ONE concept per test → focused tests; clear what failed when one breaks
✓ CLEAR NAMES — describe what's tested ("returns error when email is invalid")
✓ Arrange-Act-Assert structure → readable, organized
✓ Cover EDGE cases and error conditions (not just the happy path)
✓ Keep tests SIMPLE and readable (tests are documentation; avoid complex logic in tests)
✓ DETERMINISTIC — no reliance on time, randomness, external state, or order (avoid flaky)
✓ DRY but readable — share setup (fixtures), but keep each test clear on its own
