Piye carane nggawe rute (operasi path)?

Question

Accepted Answer

Ing FastAPI, **operasi path** minangka rute — fungsi sing dihiasi karo dekorator metode HTTP (`@app.get`, `@app.post`, bla bla) sing nangani panjaluk kanggo path. Nilai bali fungsi iku otomatis diserialisasi dadi JSON.

## Nggawe rute kanggo saben metode HTTP

```python
from fastapi import FastAPI
app = FastAPI()

@app.get("/items")                # GET /items
def list_items():
    return [{"id": 1}, {"id": 2}]  # dict/list → automatically JSON-serialized

@app.get("/items/{item_id}")      # GET /items/5 — path parameter
def get_item(item_id: int):        # type hint converts "5" → int (and validates)
    return {"id": item_id}

@app.post("/items")               # POST /items
def create_item(item: Item):
    return item

@app.put("/items/{item_id}")      # PUT, PATCH, DELETE work the same way
@app.delete("/items/{item_id}")
def delete_item(item_id: int):
    return {"deleted": item_id}
```

Saben dekorator nggabung metode HTTP + path menyang handler. Jeneng fungsi iku kuwi milikmu; dekorator netepno rute. Dict/list/model Pydantic sing dibalikno diserialisasi dadi JSON kanthi otomatis — ora perlu `json.dumps` manual.

## Urutan penting kanggo path sing tumpuk

```python
@app.get("/users/me")            # ✅ specific route FIRST
def read_me(): ...
@app.get("/users/{user_id}")     # dynamic AFTER — else "me" matches {user_id}
def read_user(user_id: int): ...
```

FastAPI cocog rute ing urutan deklarasi, mula kudu urutne path statis sadurunge dinamis.

## Metadata operasi (nasurani dokumentasi)

```python
@app.get("/items", tags=["items"], summary="List items", status_code=200)
def list_items(): ...
```

Parameter dekorator (`tags`, `summary`, `status_code`, `response_model`) nata perilaku lan nambahi dokumentasi sing dibuat otomatis.

## Dheweke penting

Operasi path minangka pondasi saben aplikasi FastAPI — netepno endpoint API-mu lan carane panjaluk ditampa.

Nggawé mangert pola dekorator-per-metode-HTTP, yen nilai bali diserialisasi dadi JSON kanthi otomatis (ora ana boilerplate), yen petunjuk tipe para nggawe konversi lan validasi, lan yen urutan rute penting kanggo path tumpuk yaiku pangumahe saben dina kanggo bangunan endpoin apa wae.

Metadata dekorator uga menehi daya dokumentasi otomatis FastAPI, ngisor rute langsung menyang dokumentasi.

Ini minangka barang pisanan lan paling asas sing kudu dikuasai ing FastAPI.