Apa perbedaan antara lists, tuples lan dictionaries?

Question

Accepted Answer

Ketiga-tigane iku koleksi sing paling akeh digunakake ing Python, saben-saben cocog kanggo kahanan sing beda. Ondhe-ondhe utama yaiku **mutability**, **ordering**, lan **cara mengakses elemen**.

## List — urutan, sekuens sing bisa diowah

```python
fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
fruits[0]            # "apple" — index access
fruits.append("date") # ✅ mutable — can add/remove/change
fruits[1] = "berry"   # change in place
len(fruits)          # 4
```

Gunakake **list** kanggo koleksi urutan sing owah — nambah, ngilangi, nata ulang barange.

## Tuple — urutan, sekuens sing ora bisa diowah

```python
point = (3, 4)
point[0]             # 3 — index access (like a list)
point[0] = 5         # ❌ TypeError — tuples are IMMUTABLE
x, y = point         # unpacking — common use
```

Gunakake **tuple** kanggo grup nilai tetep sing aja owah — koordinat, rekaman, hasil fungsi multiple values. Amarga immutable, tuple uga bisa dadi **kunci dict** lan luwih efisien ingka memori.

## Dict — pemetaan kunci-nilai

```python
user = {"name": "Ann", "age": 30}
user["name"]              # "Ann" — access by KEY, not index
user["email"] = "a@x.com" # mutable — add/update
user.get("phone", "N/A")  # safe access with a default
for k, v in user.items(): ...  # iterate key-value pairs
```

Gunakake **dict** kanggo nemetaken kunci menyang nilai kanggo pencarian cepet miturut jeneng (O(1)). Wiwit Python 3.7, dict njaga urutan panyisipan.

## Perbandingan

```text
              List          Tuple         Dict
Mutable?      yes           no            yes
Ordered?      yes           yes           yes (insertion, 3.7+)
Access by     index         index         key
Syntax        [1, 2]        (1, 2)        {"k": v}
Use for       changing seq  fixed record  key→value lookup
Dict key?     no            yes           no
```

## Apa gunane

Memilih koleksi sing tepat yaiku kaputusan Python fundamental, setiap hari kang ngaruhi kebenaran, kinerja, lan tujuan.

List kanggo data urutan sing bisa diowah, tuple kanggo rekaman tetep/immutable (lan kunci dict), dict kanggo pencarian cepet based-kunci — nggunakake sing pas nglokakake tujuan (tuple nudho "iki ora bakal owah") lan menehi karekteristik kinerja sing tepat (dict O(1) lookups lawan list O(n) search).

Misgunakake (contone pancinge list nalika dict lookup cocog) yaiku sumber umum saka kode lamban utawa ora jelas.