Apa bedane antarane authentication lan authorization?

Question

Accepted Answer

**Authentication** verifies **sapa sampeyan** (identity), dene **authorization** nemtokake **apa sing sampeyan diidini gawe** (permissions). Beda nanging ana hubungane — authentication nggonku dhisik (mbuktekake identity), banjur authorization (check permissions). Gumawa gampang banget galat iki.

## Authentication — sapa iku sampeyan?

```text
AUTHENTICATION (AuthN) verifies IDENTITY — confirming you are who you claim to be:
  → login with credentials (password), tokens, biometrics, multi-factor (MFA)
  → "Prove you are Ann" → the system confirms your identity
→ answers: WHO are you?
```

## Authorization — apa sing bisa sampeyan gawe?

```text
AUTHORIZATION (AuthZ) determines PERMISSIONS — what an authenticated user is allowed to do:
  → can this user access this resource? perform this action? (roles, permissions)
  → "Ann is authenticated, but is she allowed to delete this record?"
→ answers: what are you ALLOWED to do?
```

## Hubungan lan urutane

```text
1. AUTHENTICATION first → establish WHO you are (log in)
2. AUTHORIZATION next → check what you're ALLOWED to do (per request/action)
→ You must be authenticated before authorization is meaningful (know who, then what they can do).
→ Both are needed: authenticated but unauthorized (logged in, but can't do X) is common.
```

## Galat-galat umum

```text
⚠️ Confusing the two (they're different concerns)
⚠️ BROKEN ACCESS CONTROL (authorization flaws) → a TOP vulnerability (OWASP #1):
   → not checking authorization properly → users access/modify what they shouldn't
   → e.g. changing an ID in a URL to access another user's data (IDOR)
→ Always enforce authorization on the SERVER for every protected action.
```

## Kuwi penting banget

Ngulandhi bedane antarane authentication lan authorization iku fundamental amarga **concept keamanan utama sing pusat ing access control**, lan gumawa galat iki gampang banget lan akibate serius, dadi iku pengetahuan keamanan sing kudu dierti.

Bedane — **authentication verifies sapa iku sampeyan** (identity, nganggo login/credentials/MFA) dene **authorization nemtokake apa sing sampeyan diidini gawe** (permissions, check access menyang resources lan actions) — iku fundamental kanggo cara aplikasi ngontrol access, lan ngulandhi iku kanthi cetha kudu dilakoni kanggo nggawe sistem sing aman.

Ngulandhi **hubungan lan urutane** (authentication nggonku dhisik kanggo ngestoake identity, banjur authorization kanggo check permissions per action, lan loro-lorone kudu ana — user sing authenticated isih bisa ora diidini kanggo action khusus) iki nerangake cara loro-lorone kanca-kanca ing access control.

Critically, ngulandhi **galat-galat umum** iku penting: gumawa salah nginterpretasi loro concept iki, lan khususne **broken access control** (authorization flaws — OWASP #1 risk) kana authorization ora dicek kanthi bener, ngidini users ngakses utawa owah apa sing ora kudu (kaya IDOR vulnerability: owah ID ing URL kanggo ngakses data user liya).

Garisbawah kanggo **tansah enforce authorization ing server kanggo saben action sing dilindhungi** iku practice keamanan sing essential — vulnerability nyata umum iki: gagal cek authorization kanthi bener, utawa ngandelake client kanggo enforce iku.

Dadal access control (authentication + authorization) iku fundamental kanggo application security lan gumawa salah utawa ora bener handle concept-concept iki dadi vulnerability serius (khususne broken access control, risk paling nggonko), lan dadi ngulandhi bedane, urutane, lan galat-galat authorization umum iku essential kanggo nggawe sistem aman, ngulandhi authentication vs authorization iku essential, foundational security knowledge — concept utama kanggo access control sing kudu dierti kabeh developer kanthi cetha, pusat ing nggawe aplikasi aman lan ngindari broken-access-control vulnerabilities sing akeh banget lan serius.