Load balancer ixerred it-traffiku dieħel fuq pool ta' backend servers biex l-ebda wieħed ma jkun mgħarraq u s-sistema tibqa' disponibbli jekk server imut. Id-distinzjoni ewlenija hija l-layer li jopera fih:
L4 (Transport) L7 (Application)
routes by IP + port only reads HTTP: path, headers, cookies, host
┌──────────────┐ ┌──────────────┐
│ balancer │──▶ server A │ balancer │ /api/* ──▶ API pool
│ (TCP/UDP) │──▶ server B │ (HTTP-aware) │ /img/* ──▶ static pool
└──────────────┘──▶ server C └──────────────┘ cookie=X ──▶ sticky backend
fast, opaque, protocol-agnostic smart routing, TLS termination, can inspect
