X'inhu Route Handlers (API routes) fl-App Router?

Question

Accepted Answer

**Route Handlers** huma l-mod tal-App Router biex tibni API endpoints — backend HTTP handlers li jinsabu fil-proġett Next.js tiegħek. Inti tagħmlihom b'fajl **`route.ts`**, u tespurta funzjonijiet mibjugħa wara metodi HTTP.

## Tiddifinixxjoni ta' endpoint

```ts
// app/api/users/route.ts  →  serves /api/users
import { NextRequest, NextResponse } from "next/server";

export async function GET() {
  const users = await db.user.findMany();
  return NextResponse.json(users);             // GET /api/users
}

export async function POST(req: NextRequest) {
  const body = await req.json();               // read the request body
  const user = await db.user.create({ data: body });
  return NextResponse.json(user, { status: 201 }); // POST /api/users
}
```

Kull metodu esportat (`GET`, `POST`, `PUT`, `PATCH`, `DELETE`) ittratta dik il-verb. Jużaw API Web standard `Request`/`Response` (permezz ta' `NextRequest`/`NextResponse`).

## Qari ta' params u query

```ts
// app/api/users/[id]/route.ts → /api/users/123
export async function GET(req: NextRequest, { params }: { params: { id: string } }) {
  const url = new URL(req.url);
  const sort = url.searchParams.get("sort"); // ?sort=name
  const user = await db.user.findUnique({ where: { id: params.id } });
  return NextResponse.json(user);
}
```

## Meta għandek tuża Route Handlers vs Server Actions/Components

```text
Use Route Handlers for:
  ✓ Public APIs consumed by mobile apps / external clients
  ✓ Webhooks (Stripe, GitHub) — they need a URL endpoint
  ✓ Returning non-HTML (JSON, files, images, RSS)
  ✓ Client-side fetch() targets

Prefer Server Components for reading data into your own pages,
and Server Actions for form mutations — they avoid a manual API layer.
```

## Kapaċitajiet oħra

```ts
export const runtime = "edge";       // run on the Edge runtime
export const dynamic = "force-dynamic"; // opt out of caching
// Handlers can also stream responses, set cookies, and handle CORS.
```

## Għaliex dan huwa importanti

Route Handlers jagħmlu Next.js full-stack: inti tibni REST/JSON APIs, webhooks, u file endpoints flimkien mal-frontend tiegħek b'Web standard `Request`/`Response`.

Il-għarfien meta għandek tuża Dawn (client esterni, webhooks, responses li mhumiex HTML) mħabba għall-użu ta' Server Components/Actions (qari ta' data intern u mutazzjonijiet) huwa essenzjali għall-istrutturar ta' App Router backend b'mod nettiz.