X'inhuma npm scripts u lifecycle hooks?

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**npm scripts** huma kmandi definiti fil-field `scripts` ta' `package.json` li tatħaddilhom bi `npm run `. Huma jistandardizzaw il-kompiti tal-proġett (start, build, test, lint) sabiex il-team kollu u CI jużaw il-kmandi l-istess. **Lifecycle hooks** huma scripts speċjali li npm jaħdem b'mod awtomatiku f'punti ċerti. ## Tiddifiniżi u tatħaddil scripts ```json { "scripts": { "start": "node server.js", "dev": "nodemon server.js", "build": "tsc && vite build", "test": "vitest", "lint": "eslint src", "format": "prettier --write ." } } ``` ```bash npm run dev # any script npm start # `start` and `test` have shortcuts (no "run" needed) npm test ``` Scripts jistgħu jikkatenaw kmandi bi `&&` (tatħaddil b'sekwenza, waqqfu meta jiflaħ) u għandha aċċess għal binaries installati lokalment (fi `node_modules/.bin`) mingħajr passaġġ — għalhekk `"test": "vitest"` jaħdem anke jekk vitest mhux installat globalment. ## Pre u post hooks (awtomatiku) ```json { "scripts": { "prebuild": "rimraf dist", // runs AUTOMATICALLY before "build" "build": "tsc", "postbuild": "echo done" // runs AUTOMATICALLY after "build" } } ``` npm awtomatikament itħaddel `pre` qabel u `post` wara script whatsoever ``. Allura `npm run build` itħaddel `prebuild` → `build` → `postbuild` b'sekwenza — tajjeb għall-passi setup/cleanup. ## Built-in lifecycle hooks ```json { "scripts": { "postinstall": "node setup.js", // runs after `npm install` completes "prepare": "husky install" // runs after install (commonly sets up git hooks) } } ``` Hooks bħal `postinstall` u `prepare` jaħdmu fi mument definit tal-ċiklu tal-ħajja tal-installazzjoni — spiss użati biex jiġi ssettjat git hooks (husky) jew jiġu kompilati dependencies nativi. (Ħatar: scripts `postinstall` f'dependencies huma wkoll konsiderazzjoni tal-sigurtà tal-katina tal-ħxuna.) ## Għadda argument u env vars ```bash npm run test -- --watch # pass args to the script after -- NODE_ENV=production npm start # set an env var for the run ``` ## Għalfejn npm scripts aktar minn Makefile/tools globali ```text ✓ Self-documenting — `package.json` shows all available tasks ✓ Cross-platform-ish, no global installs needed (uses local node_modules/.bin) ✓ Standard across the JS ecosystem — every dev knows `npm run` ``` ## Għalfejn Dan Importanti npm scripts huma l-task runner standard għall-proġetti Node/JS — jikkonċentralizzaw u jiddokumentaw kif nibdew, nibnu, nitpruvaw, u nlint l-app, biex jiżguraw li kulħadd (u CI) jaħdem kmandi identiċi. Fhim il-komposizzjoni tal-scripts, il-hooks awtomatiku `pre`/`post` (għal passi setup/cleanup), u lifecycle hooks bħal `postinstall`/`prepare` jippermettuk tawtomatizza l-workflows tal-proġett b'mod ndipur. Huma l-qamel tal-tooling tal-proġett u jidhru fi kważi kull repository Node.