Anti-patterns huma "soluzzjonijiet" li jirrepettu li jidhru raġonevoli iżda jaddegressaw id-disinn. L-aktar komuni fl-OOP huma l-God Object, gerarkiji ta' warsa profonda, u l-Anemic Domain Model.
Klassi li taf u tagħmel wisq -- tikkiser Single Responsibility.
{
{} {} {}
{} {} {}
}
Entity → LivingThing → Animal → Mammal → Carnivore → Feline → Cat → HouseCat
Kull livell huwa magħqud mal-ġenituri kollha; bidla qrib l-quċċ tinfirex kullimkien (fragile base class). Fix: ifflatja bir-rimedju tal-composition; preferenza lill-kapaċitajiet "has-a" fuq il-katini profonda "is-a".
Ogetti li huma biss saxmun ta' getters/setters bil-loġika kollha li jgħixu imkien ieħor -- OOP bil-isem biss.
// ANEMIC: data with no behavior; rules live in a separate "service"
class Order { List<Item> items; double total; /* only getters/setters */ }
class OrderService { double calcTotal(Order o) { ... } } // logic exiled
// RICH: behavior lives with the data it operates on
class Order {
private List<Item> items;
double total() { return items.stream().mapToDouble(Item::price).sum(); }
}
→ Yo-yo problem (jumping up/down a deep hierarchy to follow logic)
→ Circular deps (A needs B needs A)
→ Feature envy (a method that mostly uses another class's data)
Anti-patterns huma kif l-intenzjonijiet tajbin jonqsu: God Object ġeneralment jibda bħala ajutaturi żgħir, mudell anemiku bħala "biss DTOs", imbagħad jissaħħaħ.
Il-qagħad tagħhom jagħti lill-tim vokabularjum ta' avviż bikri kondiviż fil-review tal-kodiċi, u kull anti-pattern jipponta direttament lejn il-prinċipju (SRP, composition, encapsulation) li jissoruhhih.