Docker लाई production मा deploy गर्नु भनेको एक सम्पूर्ण pipeline हो — images build र scan गर्नु, registries, orchestration, configuration/secrets, monitoring/logging, health checks, र deployment strategies (rolling, blue-green)। यो containers लाई reliably, securely, र observably scale मा चलाउनु बारे हो।
CI/CD → build image → scan for vulnerabilities → tag (version) → push to a REGISTRY →
deploy to the orchestrator (Kubernetes/ECS/etc.) → the platform pulls and runs it
→ Deploy the SAME tested image that passed CI (reproducible; no "works in CI" surprises)
✓ Use an ORCHESTRATOR (Kubernetes, ECS, etc.) — don't run bare `docker run` in prod
→ self-healing (restart failed containers), scaling, rolling updates, scheduling
✓ Define DESIRED STATE declaratively; the orchestrator maintains it
✓ Run MULTIPLE replicas across nodes for availability
✓ HEALTH CHECKS (liveness/readiness) → restart unhealthy; route traffic only when ready
✓ ROLLING UPDATES → replace instances gradually (zero downtime); ROLLBACK on failure
✓ BLUE-GREEN / CANARY → deploy new version alongside old; shift traffic gradually/safely
✓ RESOURCE limits/requests → stability and proper scheduling
✓ GRACEFUL shutdown (handle SIGTERM) → finish in-flight work before stopping
✓ LOGGING → containers log to stdout/stderr → aggregated centrally (ELK, Loki, cloud)
✓ MONITORING → metrics (Prometheus/Grafana), alerts, resource usage, health
✓ SECURITY → non-root, scanned images, secrets management, network policies, updates
✓ CONFIG via environment/secrets (same image across environments)
Docker containers लाई production मा कसरी deploy गर्ने भन्ने कुरा बुझ्नु भनेको containerized applications लाई reliably, securely, र observably scale मा चलाउनु, container operations को धेरै पक्षहरू जोडिएको senior-level ज्ञान हो।
Production deployment भनेको docker run भन्दा धेरै अगाडि हुन्छ — यो एक सम्पूर्ण pipeline र practices को समूह हो।
Deployment pipeline (CI building, scanning, versioning, र images लाई registry मा push गर्नु, त्यसपछि अर्केस्ट्रेटर मार्फत same tested image deploy गर्नु) ले reproducible, reliable deployments सुनिश्चित गर्छ।
Production मा bare Docker को सट्टामा orchestrator (Kubernetes, ECS) प्रयोग गर्नु आवश्यक छ self-healing, scaling, rolling updates, र availability को लागि multiple replicas चलाउनको लागि — manual container management scale मा पर्याप्त हुँदैन। Reliability र deployment strategies महत्त्वपूर्ण छन्: health checks (liveness/readiness, ताकि unhealthy containers restart हुन्छन् र traffic केवल ready ones मा जान्छ), rolling updates (zero-downtime deployments with rollback on failure), र blue-green/canary deployments (safely shifting traffic नयाँ versions मा) ले safe, continuous delivery सक्षम गर्छन्; graceful shutdown र resource limits ले stability थप्छन्। Observability र security ले चित्र पूरा गर्छन्: centralized logging (containers logging to stdout/stderr, aggregated), monitoring (metrics, alerts), र security (non-root, scanned images, secrets management, network policies) containers लाई responsibly operate गर्न आवश्यक छन्।
Production container deployment मा reliability (orchestration, health checks, safe deployment strategies), security (scanned images, secrets, non-root), र observability (logging, monitoring) को आवश्यकता हुन्छ एकसाथ काम गर्दै, र यी practices नै containerized applications लाई scale मा dependably चलाउँछन्, production Docker deployment बुझ्नु महत्त्वपूर्ण senior-level ज्ञान हो — orchestration, deployment strategies, observability, र security लाई production मा containers operate गर्ने सम्पूर्ण चित्रमा संश्लेषण गर्दै, एक frequently-critical concern जसले containerized systems deploy गर्ने senior roles को लागि expected operational maturity प्रतिबिम्बित गर्छ।
विस्तृत उत्तरसहित IT अन्तर्वार्ता प्रश्नहरूको पुस्तकालय — जुनियरदेखि सिनियरसम्म।
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