Angular SSR (Universal) inatoa nini?

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**Angular SSR** (jina la zamani Angular Universal) kuhusu kutekeleza HTML ya programu yako **kwenye seva** kwa ombi la awali, badala ya kutuma ukurasa tupu ambao kivinjari lazima kijaze kwa JavaScript. Hii inaboresha SEO, utendaji unaozingatiwa, na rangi ya kwanza. ## Tatizo ambalo SSR linasuluhisha ```text Client-side rendering (default SPA): Server sends empty + JS bundle → browser downloads & runs Angular → THEN content appears → slow first paint; crawlers/social bots may see a blank page Server-side rendering: Server runs Angular, sends fully-rendered HTML → content visible immediately → Angular "hydrates" it for interactivity ``` Kwa SSR, seva hutengeneza HTML kamili ili watumiaji na injini za utaftaji kupata maudhui halisi mara moja; Angular kisha inaunganisha wasikilizaji wa matukio (hydration) kuifanya kuwa ya mahitaji. ## Kuiweka ```bash ng add @angular/ssr # adds server rendering to an existing app ``` Hii inajengea seva ya Node/Express ambayo kuhusu kutekeleza Angular kwenye seva na kumtolea HTML iliyotengekezwa mapema. ## Kile SSR kinatoa ```text ✓ Better SEO — crawlers get full content (critical for content/marketing sites) ✓ Faster First Contentful Paint — visible content before JS loads ✓ Better social sharing — link previews see real meta tags/content ✓ Improved performance on slow devices/networks ``` ## Hydration — kuepuka kutengekezwa tena ```ts provideClientHydration() // non-destructive hydration: reuse server HTML, don't rebuild ``` **Hydration isiyo-yenye uharibifu** ya Angular ya kisasa inamaanisha kuomba tena DOM iliyotengekezwa na seva badala ya kuiondoa na kuitekeleza tena — kuepuka mwisho na kuboresha utendaji. ## Inayohusiana: SSG (kutengekezwa mapema) ```text SSR → render per request (dynamic content, always fresh) SSG → prerender pages at BUILD time (static, fastest) — good for content that rarely changes ``` Angular pia inasaidia **kutengekezwa mapema** (SSG) za njia wakati wa kujenga kwa ajili ya umawasilisho wa haraka iwezekanavyo wa maudhui ya static. ## Onyo ```text ⚠️ No browser APIs on the server (window, document, localStorage) — guard with isPlatformBrowser ⚠️ More infrastructure (a Node server to run/maintain) ``` ## Kwa nini ina maana Kwa tovuti zenye maudhui mengi, biashara ya kidijitali, au programu yoyote ambapo **SEO na rangi ya kwanza yenye haraka ina mahalisi**, Angular SPA tu-upande wa mteja inakosa mahitaji — injini za utaftaji na watumiaji hupokea ukurasa tupu hadi JS kutekelezwa. SSR (na hydration) linasuluhisha hii kwa kumtolea HTML halisi mwanzoni, na SSG inakwenda zaidi kwa maudhui static. Kujua wakati SSR inastahili ugumu wake ulioongezwa — na onyo za API za kivinjari — ni maamuzi makuu ya usanifu.