Kamusi/ramani ni nini na inaanzia vipi na seti?

Question

Accepted Answer

**Kamusi** (ramani, safu inayohusiana) hubaki **ufunguo → thamani** uhusiano, na kukuruhusu kutafuta thamani kwa ufunguo wake katika **kawaida O(1)**. **Seti** ni kimsingi ramani yenye funguo lakini bila thamani — inahifadhi uanachama tu.

## Mfano

```python
# Counting word frequencies — a classic map use
text = "the cat the dog the".split()
counts = {}
for word in text:
    counts[word] = counts.get(word, 0) + 1
# counts -> {'the': 3, 'cat': 1, 'dog': 1}

ages = {'alice': 30, 'bob': 25}
ages['alice']          # O(1) lookup by key -> 30
ages['carol'] = 40     # O(1) insert
'bob' in ages          # O(1) key membership
```

## Seti dhidi ya ramani

| | Seti | Ramani / Kamusi |
|---|---|---|
| Hubaki | funguo ya kipekee | ufunguo → jozi za thamani |
| Utafutaji | "je ufunguo upo?" | "thamani gani kwa ufunguo?" |
| Matumizi | uanachama, kuondoa nakala | uhusiano, kuhesabu |

| Operesheni | Kawaida |
|---|---|
| kuingiza / kusasisha | O(1) |
| utafutaji | O(1) |
| kufuta | O(1) |

## Kwa nini maada hii ni muhimu

Ramani ni zana ya kila siku ya kuingiza data kwa kitambulisho — akili, usanidi, hesabu za masafa, na ujumuishaji.

KamusI za kisasa (k.m. Python 3.7+) pia huhifadhi mpangilio wa kuingiza, na kuchanganya ufikiaji haraka na marudio yenye akili.

	Seti	Ramani / Kamusi
Hubaki	funguo ya kipekee	ufunguo → jozi za thamani
Utafutaji	"je ufunguo upo?"	"thamani gani kwa ufunguo?"
Matumizi	uanachama, kuondoa nakala	uhusiano, kuhesabu