Dart ni lugha ya programu inayotumika kujenga programu za Flutter — lugha ya kisasa, inayozingatia object, ya Google iliyoundwa kwa ajili ya kujenga UI. Kuelewa vipengele muhimu vya Dart (syntax yake, null safety, msaada wa async, na jinsi inavyokusanya) ni muhimu kwa ukuzaji wa Flutter.
Dart ni nini
Dart = Google's language for Flutter (and more):
→ OBJECT-ORIENTED, statically typed (with type inference)
→ familiar C-style/Java-like syntax (easy for many developers to pick up)
→ designed for UI development; compiles to native code (mobile) and JavaScript (web)
Vipengele muhimu vya Dart
// variables and types (statically typed with inference)
var name = 'Ann'; // inferred String
int age = 30; // explicit type
final pi = 3.14; // final (can't reassign)
const max = 100; // compile-time constant
// null safety — types are non-nullable by default
String name; // can't be null
String? nickname; // nullable (the ? allows null) — prevents null errors
// functions (including arrow syntax)
int add(int a, int b) => a + b;
// classes
class Person {
final String name;
Person(this.name); // concise constructor
}
