Anti-patterns ni "suluhisho" linalotokea mara kwa mara ambalo linakaa lenye mantiki lakini linabora muundo. Zile za kawaida zaidi katika OOP ni God Object, hierarchies za urithi wenye kina na Anemic Domain Model.
Klasi inayojua na kufanya mambo mengi - kuvunja Single Responsibility.
{
{} {} {}
{} {} {}
}
Entity → LivingThing → Animal → Mammal → Carnivore → Feline → Cat → HouseCat
Kila kiwango kinaunganishwa na babu zote; mabadiliko karibu na juu yanapambanyika kila mahali (darasa salama sio imara). Suluhisho: laini na utungaji; pendelea "ina-a" uwezo juu ya "ni-a" minyororo ya kina.
Vitu ambavyo ni mabakuli tu ya getters/setters na mantiki yote ikiishi mahali pengine - OOP kwa jina tu.
// ANEMIC: data with no behavior; rules live in a separate "service"
class Order { List<Item> items; double total; /* only getters/setters */ }
class OrderService { double calcTotal(Order o) { ... } } // logic exiled
// RICH: behavior lives with the data it operates on
class Order {
private List<Item> items;
double total() { return items.stream().mapToDouble(Item::price).sum(); }
}
→ Yo-yo problem (jumping up/down a deep hierarchy to follow logic)
→ Circular deps (A needs B needs A)
→ Feature envy (a method that mostly uses another class's data)
Anti-patterns ni jinsi niyya njema inavunjika: God Object kwa kawaida huanza kama msaada mdogo, muundo anemic kama "DTO tu," kisha imategemea.
Kuziita kwa jina kunawapa timu lugha ya onyo la mapema iliyoshirikiwa katika tathmini ya nambari, na kila anti-pattern inaeleza moja kwa moja kanuni (SRP, utungaji, uhifadhi) inayotengeneza.