ความแตกต่างระหว่าง interface และ abstract class คืออะไร

public interface Drawable {
    void draw();                          // abstract method (implicitly public abstract)

    default void render() {                // default method — has a body (Java 8+)
        System.out.println("rendering");
    }
    int MAX = 100;                         // implicitly public static final (constant only)
}

class Circle implements Drawable {
    public void draw() { /* must implement */ }
}

public abstract class Animal {
    protected String name;                 // ✅ can have instance FIELDS (state)

    public Animal(String name) {           // ✅ can have a constructor
        this.name = name;
    }
    public abstract void makeSound();      // abstract — subclasses must implement
    public void sleep() {                   // ✅ concrete method with shared logic
        System.out.println(name + " sleeps");
    }
}

class Dog extends Animal {                 // can extend only ONE class
    public Dog(String n) { super(n); }
    public void makeSound() { System.out.println("Woof"); }
}

                    Interface              Abstract class
Multiple inheritance ✓ (implement many)    ✗ (extend only one)
Instance fields/state ✗ (constants only)   ✓ (fields)
Constructor           ✗                    ✓
Method bodies         default/static only  ✓ (concrete methods)
Models                capability ("can-do") "is-a" with shared base

Interface → define a capability multiple unrelated classes can have
            (Comparable, Runnable, Serializable); when you need multiple inheritance
Abstract class → share common state + code among closely related subclasses
            (a base class with fields and partial implementation)