你如何设计一个具有特定 O(1)/O(log n) 要求的数据结构？

import random
class RandomizedSet:
    def __init__(self):
        self.idx = {}      # value -> index in list
        self.vals = []     # values for O(1) random pick
    def insert(self, x):                    # O(1)
        if x in self.idx: return False
        self.idx[x] = len(self.vals)
        self.vals.append(x)
        return True
    def remove(self, x):                    # O(1): swap with last, pop
        if x not in self.idx: return False
        i, last = self.idx[x], self.vals[-1]
        self.vals[i] = last                 # move last into the hole
        self.idx[last] = i
        self.vals.pop()
        del self.idx[x]
        return True
    def getRandom(self):                    # O(1)
        return random.choice(self.vals)

1. List every required operation + its target complexity.
2. For each, name a structure that hits it:
     by key O(1)      -> hash map
     by index O(1)    -> array
     min/max O(log n) -> heap
     ordered O(log n) -> balanced tree / skip list
     O(1) splice      -> doubly linked list
3. COMBINE them; use the hash map to map keys -> positions/nodes
   in the other structure so updates stay O(1).
4. Verify each operation against its target.