Swift 并发是如何通过 async/await、Task、actor 和 @MainActor 工作的？

func loadProfile() async throws -> Profile {
    let user  = try await fetchUser()       // suspends, thread reused
    let posts = try await fetchPosts(user)  // runs after user resolves
    return Profile(user: user, posts: posts)
}

// Start async work from a sync context
Task {
    let profile = try await loadProfile()
    await MainActor.run { render(profile) } // UI update on main thread
}

actor ImageCache {
    private var store: [URL: Image] = [:]
    func image(for url: URL) -> Image? { store[url] }   // isolated
    func insert(_ img: Image, for url: URL) { store[url] = img }
}

@MainActor
final class ViewModel: ObservableObject {   // all members run on main thread
    @Published var title = ""
}

async let a = fetchA()      // both start immediately, in parallel
async let b = fetchB()
let (x, y) = try await (a, b)