为什么应该使用 path 模块而不是字符串拼接?

// ❌ fragile, OS-dependent, error-prone
const filePath = baseDir + "/" + "sub" + "/" + fileName;
// breaks on Windows (\), doubles slashes if baseDir ends in /, etc.

import path from "path";

// ✅ uses the correct separator for the OS, normalizes slashes
const filePath = path.join(baseDir, "sub", fileName);
// Linux/Mac: baseDir/sub/file.txt   Windows: baseDir\sub\file.txt

path.resolve("src", "app.js");  // → ABSOLUTE path from the cwd
path.basename("/a/b/file.txt");  // "file.txt"
path.dirname("/a/b/file.txt");   // "/a/b"
path.extname("file.txt");        // ".txt"
path.parse("/a/b/file.txt");     // { dir, base, name, ext }
path.sep;                         // "/" or "\" depending on OS

// CommonJS — built-in globals
const configPath = path.join(__dirname, "config.json");

// ES Modules — __dirname doesn't exist; derive it from import.meta.url
import { fileURLToPath } from "url";
const __dirname = path.dirname(fileURLToPath(import.meta.url));

path.join    → just joins segments (relative stays relative)
path.resolve → produces an ABSOLUTE path (resolves from cwd / right-to-left)