理解常见的攻击类型 — 攻击者如何试图破坏系统 — 是防御的基础。主要类别包括 injection、XSS、CSRF、brute force、social engineering、DDoS 等。
Web 应用程序攻击
INJECTION (SQL, command, etc.) → inject malicious code via input (manipulate queries/commands)
XSS (Cross-Site Scripting) → inject scripts that run in victims' browsers
CSRF (Cross-Site Request Forgery) → trick a logged-in user's browser into making unwanted
requests (perform actions as them without consent)
BROKEN ACCESS CONTROL → access/modify what you're not authorized to (e.g. IDOR)
SSRF → trick the server into making requests it shouldn't
身份验证/访问权限攻击
BRUTE FORCE → try many passwords/keys until one works (rate-limit, lock out, MFA)
CREDENTIAL STUFFING → use leaked username/password pairs from other breaches
SESSION HIJACKING → steal session tokens/cookies to impersonate a user
PHISHING / SOCIAL ENGINEERING → trick people into revealing credentials/info (the human
is often the weakest link)
