يحتوي RabbitMQ على عدة أنواع من التبادلات التي تحدد كيفية توجيه الرسائل إلى قوائم الانتظار — direct و topic و fanout و headers. يعتبر فهمها أساسياً لمرونة التوجيه في RabbitMQ، مما يتيح أنماط مراسلة مختلفة.
أنواع التبادلات
DIRECT → routes by an EXACT routing key match:
→ message routing key = queue binding key → delivered to that queue
→ for: routing to specific queues by a key (e.g. route by severity, type)
FANOUT → broadcasts to ALL bound queues (ignores routing key):
→ every queue bound to the exchange gets the message → PUB/SUB (one-to-many)
→ for: broadcasting events to all interested consumers
TOPIC → routes by PATTERN matching on the routing key (wildcards):
→ routing keys like "order.created", "order.*", "*.error" → flexible pattern routing
→ for: routing by topics/categories with wildcards (flexible pub/sub)
HEADERS → routes by message HEADER attributes (not the routing key) → less common
