আপনি কীভাবে একটি পাইপলাইনে বিল্ড এবং টেস্ট স্টেজগুলি অপ্টিমাইজ করেন?

Slow pipelines are costly:
  → developers WAIT for feedback (lost productivity, context switching)
  → slow CI discourages frequent integration (undermining CI's value)
  → longer pipelines = more compute cost (CI minutes)
→ Fast pipelines = fast feedback = productive, frequent integration.

✓ CACHING — cache dependencies (node_modules, pip, Maven) between runs → don't
  re-download/rebuild every time (often the biggest win)
✓ PARALLELIZATION — run independent jobs/tests in PARALLEL (not sequentially)
  → split the test suite across multiple parallel runners
✓ Build/test only what CHANGED — skip unaffected parts (incremental builds; monorepo
  tools that detect affected projects)
✓ DOCKER layer caching — cache image layers; build dependencies before code
✓ FAIL FAST — run fast checks (lint, unit tests) FIRST → fail quickly on obvious issues
✓ Right-size RUNNERS; use efficient base images