Yaya kake kiyayya daga ƙididdiga na koɗin koɗin jiya?

Question

Accepted Answer

Kiyayya daga ƙididdiga na koɗin koɗin jiya yana nufin auna yadda suke aiki sosai — ta amfani da ƙididdiga da suke dace (daidaita, dabarar saita, dabarar karbawar, da sauransu) akan **bayanan gwaje** waɗanda ƙididdiga ba su gani ba. Kiyayya da ta dace ta muhimmu ne don sanin ko ƙididdiga na gaske yana aiki kuma ta tabbatannu.

## Kiyayya akan bayanan da ba a gani ba

```text
→ evaluate on a TEST set the model did NOT train on → measures GENERALIZATION (real performance)
→ training accuracy alone is misleading (a model can memorize training data)
→ train/validation/test split; cross-validation → reliable performance estimates
```

## Ƙididdiga da aka sani

```text
CLASSIFICATION:
  ACCURACY → % correct (but misleading for IMBALANCED data — e.g. 99% 'not fraud')
  PRECISION → of predicted positives, how many are actually positive (avoid false positives)
  RECALL → of actual positives, how many were found (avoid false negatives/missing cases)
  F1 → balance of precision and recall
  CONFUSION MATRIX → true/false positives/negatives breakdown
REGRESSION:
  MAE, MSE/RMSE → average prediction error (how far off predictions are)
→ choose metrics that fit the problem (accuracy isn't always right)
```

## Dalilin da ƙididdiga na dace take iko

```text
⚠️ ACCURACY can MISLEAD on imbalanced data (predict 'no disease' always → high accuracy,
  useless model)
→ PRECISION vs RECALL trade-off → depends on the cost of false positives vs false negatives
  (e.g. medical: high recall to not miss disease; spam: precision to not block real emails)
→ pick metrics aligned with what MATTERS for the use case
```

## Dalilin da ya dace

Sanin yadda ake kiyayya daga ƙididdiga na koɗin koɗin jiya yana da darajar kauri saboda **kiyayya da ta dace ta muhimmu ne don sanin ko ƙididdiga na gaske yana aiki**, don haka ilimi mai mahimmanci ne na koɗin koɗin jiya.

Ba tare da kiyayya da ta dace ba, ba za ka iya sanin ko ƙididdiga ta tabbatannu ba.

Sanin **kiyayya akan bayanan da ba a gani ba** — gwaje akan bayanan da ƙididdiga ba ta horar da su don auna yanda suke shafar bayanan sauran — aike, saboda saurin koyanewa shi kaɗai yana yadi (ƙididdiga na iya tunawa bayanan horon), ta amfani da raba horon/likita/gwaje da haɗuwar gwaje — shi ne tushe na kiyayya da ma'ana.

Sanin **ƙididdiga da aka sani** — ga raba: auna (% abin da ya daidai, amma yadi don bayanan da ba daidai ba), **dabarar saita** (na abubuwan da aka saita, nawa jiya a gaske ne positive), **dabarar karbawar** (na abubuwan gaske da suke positive, nawa ne aka samo), F1 (ma'auni dabarar saita da karbawar), da matrix da suka kuskure; ga zahura: MAE da RMSE (madadin kuskure) — yana ba aikin auna aiki, tare da mahimmanc mutum cewa **ƙididdiga na dace ya dogara da matsalar**.

Sanin **dalilin da ƙididdiga na dace take iko** shine mahimmanc ilimi: **auna na iya yadi akan bayanan da ba daidai ba** (koyaushe saita babbar ajiya yana ba auna babbar amma ƙididdiga marasa aiki — ciwon da mai mahimmanci), da **ma'auni dabarar saita da karbawar** ya dogara da kudin yadi da karya (dabarar karbawar babba a gidanja don ba tu gaba da cutarwa, dabarar saita babba a mariya email don ba tu toshe watsa rubutu).

Zabbar ƙididdiga masu daidai da abin da ya dace don amfani shi na muhimmu, saboda ƙididdiga marasa dace (kamar auna akan bayanan da ba daidai ba) yana ba yaudaro marasa aiki na ƙididdiga.

Kiyayya da ta dace (bayanan da ba a gani ba, ƙididdiga masu daidai) ta muhimmu ne don gina koɗin koɗin jiya da tabbatannu — ƙididdiga da ba ta kiyayya da ta dace ba na iya gazawa a gida tare da yaudaro.

Saboda kiyayya da ta dace ta muhimmu ne don sanin ko ƙididdiga na gaske yana aiki (ta yawo, ta tabbatannu) da saning — kiyayya akan bayanan da ba a gani ba, ƙididdiga da aka sani, da mahimmanc zabbar ƙididdiga na dace (girmamawa yadi da auna akan bayanan da ba daidai ba da ma'auni dabarar saita/karbawar ta amfani) — ilimi mai mahimmanci ne na koɗin koɗin jiya, saning yadda ake kiyayya daga ƙididdiga na koɗin koɗin jiya yana da darajar kauri, ilimi na koɗin koɗin jiya mai mahimmanci da jiya — muhimmu ne don sanin ko ƙididdiga na gaske yana aiki (ta hanyar kiyayya akan bayanan da ba a gani ba da ƙididdiga masu daidai), tare da mahimmanc ilimi cewa ƙididdiga na dace ya dogara da amfani (girmamawa yadi ƙididdiga da yadi kamar auna akan bayanan da ba daidai ba), muhimmu don gina koɗin koɗin jiya da tabbatannu.