Menene dabarun tasowa da aka saba (blue-green, canary, rolling)?

Question

Accepted Answer

**Dabarun tasowa** suna bayyana yadda sabon sigar ake "release" zuwa halin aiki — daidaita **aminci**, **lokacin dajje**, da **haɗari**. Dabarun da aka saba su haɗa da **rolling**, **blue-green**, da **canary** tasowa, kowannensu yana da bambance-bambancen daban-daban.

## Rolling deployment

```text
Gradually replace old instances with new ones, a few at a time:
  [v1][v1][v1][v1] → [v2][v1][v1][v1] → [v2][v2][v1][v1] → ... → [v2][v2][v2][v2]
  ✓ no downtime (some instances always serving); no extra full environment needed
  ✗ both versions run during the rollout; slower; rollback = roll back instance by instance
```

## Blue-green deployment

```text
Run TWO identical environments — BLUE (current) and GREEN (new version):
  → deploy v2 to GREEN; test it; then SWITCH all traffic from blue to green at once
  → BLUE stays as instant rollback (switch back if green has issues)
  ✓ instant switch; instant rollback; test green before going live; no in-between state
  ✗ needs DOUBLE the infrastructure (two full environments)
```

## Canary deployment

```text
Release the new version to a SMALL subset of users first, then gradually increase:
  → 5% of traffic → v2 (monitor errors/metrics) → 25% → 50% → 100% if healthy
  → if problems appear, roll back having affected only a few users
  ✓ limits blast radius (catch issues with minimal impact); data-driven gradual rollout
  ✗ more complex (traffic splitting, monitoring); slower full rollout
```

## Zaɓi

```text
ROLLING → simple, no extra infra, gradual (a common default)
BLUE-GREEN → instant switch + instant rollback, safe testing (if you can afford 2x infra)
CANARY → safest for risky changes (limit blast radius), needs good monitoring
→ Choose by risk tolerance, infrastructure, and monitoring maturity.
```

## Me ya sa ya mahalaci

Jiyin dabarun tasowa yana da mahimmanci don **"release" softa da aminci tare da ƙananan haɗari da lokacin dajje**, don haka ilimin aiki da yake mahimmanci ne don tasowa ɗin halin aiki.

Ayadar da sabon sigar ake "release" zuwa halin aiki tana tasiri sosai da aminci da haɗari, kuma dabarun suna ba da daban-dabanar bambance-bambance. **Rolling deployment** (jadalin da sanye-sanye a cekin zabar tsohuwar abubuwa da sabon rabe-rabe) yana ba da "zero-downtime" "release" babu dajje na gida, hanya ta rata ta sauƙa ta sauƙa, kodayake duka sigar suna gudu ne a lokacin ciwon jiya. **Blue-green deployment** (gudu da muhallan abubuwa guda biyu da daidai, da cekan jigilar daga halin yanzu zuwa sabon sigar a lokaci gida) yana ba da **canje-canje nan da nan da "rollback" nan da nan** (cekin jiya zuwa zabar da bai kasua ba idan matsaloli suka taso) da kuma iyawar gwaji da sigar sabon kafin "go live", cikin faɗi na bukatar "infrastructure" gida — mahimmanci ne idan "rollback" da "pre-switch" gwaji suke da mahimmanci. **Canary deployment** ("release" zuwa ƙaramin ƙungiya na masu amfani na farko, kula, sannan riba-riba) shine **mafi aminci don canje-canje masu haɗari** saboda **takaitawa da iyawar haɗari** — kame matsaloli lokacin da suke tasiri ƙarami ne kawai kafin "full rollout** — kodayake yana buƙatar rabon jigilar da kuma kula daidai.

Jiyan dabarun nan da **zaɓi daidai** (rolling don sauƙa, blue-green don "instant rollback" da kula daidai idan "infrastructure" ba ta ba, canary don canje-canje masu haɗari tare da kula daidai) dangane da jujjuyawa ta haɗari, "infrastructure", da kamarin kula suna nuna da hankalin "deployment" mai kyau.

Dabarun nan sune ka da uke suka samu "release" da aminci, ƙarami "downtime", da ƙarami haɗari — mahimmaci ne don aiki na halin aiki mai tabbas.

Don haka "release" softa zuwa halin aiki da aminci (rage "downtime" da haɗari) shine taimakon aiki da mutane ke kulawa da ita sosai, kuma dabarun tasowa suna ba da daban-dabanar bambance-bambance don samun shi, kuma jiyan rolling, blue-green, da canary tasowa da yaushe zu za use kowannensu yana ba da "release" da aminci, jiyan dabarun tasowa yana da mahimmanci, ilimin aiki na *mahimmaci** don "production software delivery** — babbar jiya don canja-canja na aminci da cikin ajiya, wanda yake nuna jiya ta yadda za a shawo da haɗari na "deploy" zuwa halin aiki.