Menene set kuma iyawar wajen yadda yake warwarewarewa?

Question

Accepted Answer

**set** shine tarin da ba a umarce ba na elements na **musamman**. Babbar ikon sa shine amsa "Shin X akwai nan?" a **O(1) ma'akamtaka**, kuma ya hana nau'oji sama da kansa ba tare da jajiya ba.

## Misali

```python
seen = set()
seen.add('a')
seen.add('a')          # ignored — already present
print(len(seen))       # 1
'a' in seen            # O(1) average membership test

# Set algebra
a = {1, 2, 3}
b = {2, 3, 4}
a & b                  # intersection -> {2, 3}
a | b                  # union        -> {1, 2, 3, 4}
a - b                  # difference   -> {1}
```

Galibi sets an aiwatarwa a matsayin **hash sets** (tebur na hash wanda ke adana maɓugge kawai), saboda haka:

| Ayyukan | Ma'akamtaka |
|---|---|
| add | O(1) |
| remove | O(1) |
| membership (`in`) | O(1) |

## Amfani da yawa

- **Cire nau'oji** — cire maimaita daga jeri a layi ɗaya.
- **Sauri membership** — "Ko ni san dutsani da banzai?"
- **Alakantar** — mahaɗaya/hada/bambanci tsakanin ƙungiyoyi.

## Tun me yake muhimmi

sets suna mai "sarkewa" da "membership" marasa mahimmanci da sauri, suna maye gurbin natsitsewa sanye na loops akan jeri.

Takaicin wasan karantai na jami'an shawarwari — gano nau'oji ko noda da aka bayyana — ya rasa zuwa wasu ayyukan sets.