Docker Compose shine niya ce kuma me yasa a yi amfani da shi?

Question

Accepted Answer

**Docker Compose** kayan aiki ne don bayyana da aiwatar **aikace-aikacen da yawa-kontena** ta amfani da fayil guda ɗaya na YAML. Maimakon aiwatar `docker run` umarnon da yawa a hannu, kuna bayyana duk sabis nku (app, database, cache) a cikin `docker-compose.yml` kuma kuna farawa tare a gida ɗaya da umarnin guda.

## Matsalar da Compose ya warware

```text
A real app often has MULTIPLE containers: a web app + a database + a cache + ...
  → manually running each with docker run (ports, networks, volumes, env, dependencies)
    is tedious, error-prone, and hard to reproduce/share
→ Compose defines the WHOLE stack in one file → start it all with one command.
```

## docker-compose.yml

```yaml
services:
  web:
    build: .                    # build from the local Dockerfile
    ports:
      - "3000:3000"             # map ports
    environment:
      - DATABASE_URL=postgres://db:5432/myapp
    depends_on:
      - db                       # start db before web
  db:
    image: postgres:16           # use a prebuilt image
    environment:
      - POSTGRES_PASSWORD=secret
    volumes:
      - dbdata:/var/lib/postgresql/data   # persist the database
volumes:
  dbdata:
```

Fayil ɗaya ya bayyana duk sabis, hotunan su/gine-gine, ports, muhabbar, volumes, da dogaro — kuma suna raba sadarwa (cikakken juna ta hanyar sunyi sabis, misali `db`).

## Aiwatar stack

```bash
docker compose up -d        # build and start ALL services (in the background)
docker compose ps           # list the running services
docker compose logs -f      # view logs from all services
docker compose down         # stop and remove everything
docker compose down -v      # also remove volumes
```

## Me yasa ya matuhi

Wajen jiyya Docker Compose yana da daraja saboda aikace-aikacen gaskiya kusan koyaushe sun haɗu **yawa-kontena maraka**, kuma Compose gida-kayan aiki ne don sarrafa su, saboda haka yana da mahimmancin ilimin aiki.

Matsalar da ya warware ta kasance gaskiya: aikace-aikace na yau da kullun suna da sabis da yawa (web app, database, cache, makafi lallai-talafi talafi), kuma aiwatar kowane ɗaya tare da umarnin daban-daban na `docker run` — sa ido ports, sadarwa, volumes, muhabbar masu canji, da umarnin farwa — yana da wahala, ana iya karewa, kuma yana da wahala wajen neman ko raba. **Compose** ya karni wannan ta bayyana **duk stack maraka multi-kontena a cikin fayil YAML ɗaya mai nuni-nuni** kuma kuna farawa duk tare da umarnin guda (**`docker compose up`**), wanda ya sanya aikace-aikacen maraka multi-kontena saukar, neman, kuma raba.
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Sanin tsarin `docker-compose.yml` (bayyana sabis tare da hotunan su/gine-gine, ports, muhabbar, volumes, da dogaro, tare da sabis ta atomatik sadarwa kuma iya cikakken juna ta suna) da umarnin mahimmanci (`up`, `down`, `ps`, `logs`) yana da aiki, sanin aiki na kullum don sarrafa da aiwatar aikace-aikacen da yawa-sabis.

Compose yana da muhimmanci sosai ga **muhabbar sarrafa gida** (fitar da app tare da database da dogaro a umarnin guda) kuma ga bayyana aikace-aikace stacks ta nuni.

Don jiya aikace-aikacen gaskiya ƙila su yawa-kontena maraka, kuma don Compose gida-kayan aiki ne na gida, da kamun, don bayyana da aiwatar maraka jaddi (maye gurbin wahalar hannu da umarnin mai nuni-nuni guda kuma umarnin guda), sanin Docker Compose — abin da ya warware, tsarin fayil ɗin warware, kuma umarnin — yana da daraja, sanin aiki na kamun da aka yi amfani da shi ga aiki tare da aikace-aikacen maraka-kontena, kusa-mahimmancin gabatarwa ga Docker ga aikace-aikacen kontena maraka da ba-maraka-mummunan, kuma kayan aiki na kamun a sarrafa aiki.