Yaaya ake saka, sabunta da share jigogi?

Question

IT Interview Practice · Accepted Answer

MongoDB yana canja bayanan da **saka** (`insertOne`/`insertMany`), **sabunta** (`updateOne`/`updateMany` tare da ma'auni), da **share** (`deleteOne`/`deleteMany`) hanyoyi. Sabuntawa suna amfani da **ma'auni na sabunta** maimakon maye gurbin jigogi gabaɗaya — wani bambanci mahimmanci.

## Saka

```js
db.users.insertOne({ name: "Ann", age: 30 });          // → returns the inserted _id
db.users.insertMany([{ name: "Bob" }, { name: "Carol" }]);   // bulk insert (efficient)
```

## Sabunta tare da ma'auni (kar a maye gurbi jigogi gabaɗaya)

```js
// updateOne — filter (which doc) + update (with OPERATORS)
db.users.updateOne(
  { name: "Ann" },
  { $set: { age: 31, status: "active" } }   // $set: change specific fields
);

// common update operators
{ $set: { field: value } }       // set/change a field
{ $unset: { field: "" } }         // remove a field
{ $inc: { count: 1 } }            // increment a number
{ $push: { tags: "new" } }        // add to an array
{ $pull: { tags: "old" } }        // remove from an array
{ $addToSet: { tags: "x" } }      // add to array only if not present
```

```js
db.users.updateMany({ active: false }, { $set: { archived: true } });  // update all matching
```

**Mahimmanci:** sabuntawa suna amfani da **ma'auni** (`$set`, `$inc`, `$push`, da sauransu) don canja *musamman* fannonni. Ba tare da ma'auni ba, za a *maye gurbi jigogi gabaɗaya* — halin tunani na gidi:

```js
// ❌ this REPLACES the whole document (loses other fields!)
db.users.updateOne({ name: "Ann" }, { age: 31 });   // Ann now has ONLY age!
// ✅ use $set to change just the field
db.users.updateOne({ name: "Ann" }, { $set: { age: 31 } });
```

## Share

```js
db.users.deleteOne({ name: "Ann" });          // delete the first match
db.users.deleteMany({ active: false });        // delete all matching
db.users.deleteMany({});                       // ⚠️ deletes ALL documents!
```

## Upsert — saka idan ba a samu ba

```js
db.users.updateOne(
  { email: "ann@x.com" },
  { $set: { name: "Ann" } },
  { upsert: true }            // if no match, INSERT a new document
);
```

## Me ya sa hakan mahimmanci

Aikine saka, sabunta, da share su ne yadda aikace-aikacen **canja bayanan** a MongoDB, abubuwan asali ga wata aikace-aikace ta bayanan, don haka fahimta su ya zama mahimmanci kowane rana.

Sanin hanyoyi (`insertOne`/`insertMany` don kirkira, `updateOne`/`updateMany` don gyara, `deleteOne`/`deleteMany` don cire) ya rufe asalai.

**Mafi mahimmacin da sau da ake kurakura shi** shi ne cewa sabuntawa a MongoDB suna amfani da **ma'auni na sabunta** (`$set`, `$inc`, `$push`, `$pull`, da sauransu) don gyara *musamman* fannonni — kuma a gaske, **malaida ma'auni yana maye gurbi jigogi gabaɗaya** (halin tunani sannan inda `updateOne({...}, {age: 31})` yana share sauran fannonni, ya keware kawai `age`), don haka fahimta amfani da `$set` (da sauran ma'auni) don sabuntawa a matakin fanno ya zama mahimmaci don daidaituwa.

Sanin ma'auni na gida (`$set`, `$inc` don jiya, `$push`/`$pull`/`$addToSet` don jeri — ma'auni na jeri zama muhimmu saboda jigogi na MongoDB masu-jeri) shine ilimin kowane rana mahimmaci.

Fahimtar **upsert** (`{ upsert: true }` — saka idan ba a samu daidai ba, sabuntawa-ko-saka na MongoDB) yana da daraja ga sa'in yadda ake saka ko sabunta.

Hakanan ya kamata a lura shi ne haɗari na `deleteMany({})` (cire komai — kamar rashi na marwas-WHERE a SQL).

Tun da gyara bayanan shine asali, kuma tun da sabuntawa na ma'auni na MongoDB (tare da halin maye gurbin jigogi), ma'auni na jeri, da upsert su ne yadda ake daidai canja bayanan, fahimta saka/sabunta/share — musamman bambancin muhimmaci na sabunta-ma'auni (guje haɗari na maye gurbin jigogi ba da gida) — shine mahimmaci, sanin da dole ga kowa dake aiki da MongoDB, inda haɗarin ma'auni musamman shine tushe gida na kurakura na ainihi.

Saka

Sabunta tare da ma'auni (kar a maye gurbi jigogi gabaɗaya)

Share

Upsert — saka idan ba a samu ba

Me ya sa hakan mahimmanci

Tambayoyi masu alaƙa