Bagaimana cara kerja layouts dan views di Android? · Latihan Wawancara IT

Bagaimana cara kerja layouts dan views di Android?

UI Android dibangun dari Views (widget UI seperti tombol, teks) yang disusun oleh ViewGroups/layouts (kontainer seperti LinearLayout, ConstraintLayout). Secara tradisional didefinisikan dalam XML layouts, Android modern semakin menggunakan Jetpack Compose (deklaratif). Memahami sistem view adalah fondasi untuk membangun UI.

Views dan ViewGroups

text

VIEW → a single UI element (TextView, Button, ImageView, EditText, etc.)
VIEWGROUP → a container that holds/arranges child views (LinearLayout, ConstraintLayout,
  FrameLayout, RecyclerView, etc.) — layouts ARE ViewGroups
→ UIs are a TREE of views inside view groups (composition).

text

LinearLayout → arrange children in a row OR column
ConstraintLayout → flexible, flat layouts via constraints between views (modern, efficient,
  the recommended layout for complex UIs)
FrameLayout → stack/overlay children
RecyclerView → efficient scrolling lists (recycles views for performance — key for lists)

xml

<!-- define the UI declaratively in an XML layout file -->
<LinearLayout android:orientation="vertical" ...>
  <TextView android:text="Hello" .../>
  <Button android:id="@+id/myButton" android:text="Click" .../>
</LinearLayout>

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JETPACK COMPOSE → modern DECLARATIVE UI toolkit (Kotlin code, no XML):
  → describe UI as composable functions; reactive (UI updates with state)
  → Google's recommended modern approach (similar idea to Flutter/React)
→ New apps increasingly use Compose; XML layouts still common in existing apps.

Bagaimana cara kerja layouts dan views di Android?

Views dan ViewGroups

Common layouts (ViewGroups)

XML layouts (tradisional)

Modern: Jetpack Compose

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