What is prompt engineering?

Question

IT Interview Practice · Accepted Answer

**Prompt engineering** is the practice of crafting effective **prompts** (instructions/inputs) to get good results from AI models, especially LLMs. Since LLMs respond to natural-language prompts, how you phrase a prompt significantly affects the quality of the output.

## What prompt engineering is

```text
PROMPT ENGINEERING → designing the input (PROMPT) you give an LLM to get the desired output:
  → LLMs respond to instructions in natural language → the prompt shapes the response
  → better prompts → better, more relevant, accurate results
  → no coding needed → you communicate with the model through well-crafted text
→ a key skill for effectively using LLMs
```

## Basic techniques

```text
✓ BE CLEAR and SPECIFIC → state exactly what you want (vague prompts → vague results)
✓ Give CONTEXT → background info the model needs to respond well
✓ Specify FORMAT → ask for the output format you want (list, JSON, steps, length)
✓ Provide EXAMPLES (few-shot) → show examples of the desired input/output → guides the model
✓ Assign a ROLE → 'You are an expert...' → frames the response
✓ Break down COMPLEX tasks → step by step; 'think step by step' (chain of thought)
✓ ITERATE → refine the prompt based on results
```

## Why it matters

```text
→ the SAME model gives very different results based on the prompt → prompting is the
  main lever for output quality
→ effective prompting → get accurate, relevant, well-formatted, useful responses
→ increasingly valuable as LLMs are used everywhere (a practical, in-demand skill)
```

## Why it matters

Understanding prompt engineering is valuable, increasingly-relevant knowledge because **prompting is the main way to get good results from LLMs**, which are used everywhere, so it's a practical, in-demand skill.

Prompt engineering — crafting effective prompts to get good results from LLMs — is important because LLMs respond to natural-language prompts, and **how you phrase a prompt significantly affects the output quality**.

Understanding what prompt engineering is (designing the input you give an LLM to get the desired output, with better prompts yielding better results, requiring no coding) clarifies this key skill for using LLMs effectively.

Understanding the **basic techniques** — being clear and specific (vague prompts give vague results), giving context, specifying the desired format, providing examples (few-shot prompting), assigning a role, breaking down complex tasks (chain-of-thought, thinking step by step), and iterating — provides the practical toolkit for effective prompting.

Understanding **why it matters** — that the same model gives very different results based on the prompt (so prompting is the main lever for output quality), that effective prompting yields accurate, relevant, well-formatted responses, and that it's increasingly valuable as LLMs are used everywhere — clarifies prompt engineering's importance and practical value.

As LLMs become integrated into countless tools and workflows, the ability to prompt them effectively is an increasingly valuable, in-demand practical skill (for developers and many others).

Since prompting is the main way to get good results from LLMs (the same model giving very different results based on the prompt), LLMs are used pervasively, and effective prompting (clarity, context, format, examples, roles, step-by-step) is a practical skill, understanding prompt engineering is valuable, increasingly-relevant knowledge — a key practical skill for effectively using LLMs (the main lever for output quality), increasingly in-demand as LLMs become pervasive, and important practical knowledge for anyone working with modern AI.

What prompt engineering is

Basic techniques

Why it matters

Why it matters

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