エンドポイントに async def を使うべきか、それとも def を使うべきか？

@app.get("/async")
async def async_endpoint():
    data = await fetch_from_api()        # await non-blocking I/O — efficient
    return data

@app.get("/sync")
def sync_endpoint():
    data = blocking_db_call()             # ordinary blocking code
    return data

async def → runs on the main event loop. Efficient ONLY if you await non-blocking calls.
            ⚠️ A BLOCKING call inside async def blocks the WHOLE event loop → kills concurrency!
def       → FastAPI runs it in a THREAD POOL, so blocking code doesn't block the event loop.
            Safe for synchronous/blocking libraries.

# ✅ async def — when you can await async libraries (httpx, async DB drivers)
async def get_user():
    async with httpx.AsyncClient() as c:
        return await c.get(url)

# ✅ plain def — when using SYNCHRONOUS/blocking libraries (requests, sync ORM)
def get_user():
    return requests.get(url).json()       # blocking → FastAPI runs it in a thread

# ❌ THE DANGEROUS MISTAKE — blocking call inside async def
async def bad():
    return requests.get(url).json()       # blocks the event loop! Use `def` or an async client