ドキュメントの挿入、更新、削除はどのように行いますか?

db.users.insertOne({ name: "Ann", age: 30 });          // → returns the inserted _id
db.users.insertMany([{ name: "Bob" }, { name: "Carol" }]);   // bulk insert (efficient)

// updateOne — filter (which doc) + update (with OPERATORS)
db.users.updateOne(
  { name: "Ann" },
  { $set: { age: 31, status: "active" } }   // $set: change specific fields
);

// common update operators
{ $set: { field: value } }       // set/change a field
{ $unset: { field: "" } }         // remove a field
{ $inc: { count: 1 } }            // increment a number
{ $push: { tags: "new" } }        // add to an array
{ $pull: { tags: "old" } }        // remove from an array
{ $addToSet: { tags: "x" } }      // add to array only if not present

db.users.updateMany({ active: false }, { $set: { archived: true } });  // update all matching

// ❌ this REPLACES the whole document (loses other fields!)
db.users.updateOne({ name: "Ann" }, { age: 31 });   // Ann now has ONLY age!
// ✅ use $set to change just the field
db.users.updateOne({ name: "Ann" }, { $set: { age: 31 } });

db.users.deleteOne({ name: "Ann" });          // delete the first match
db.users.deleteMany({ active: false });        // delete all matching
db.users.deleteMany({});                       // ⚠️ deletes ALL documents!

db.users.updateOne(
  { email: "[email protected]" },
  { $set: { name: "Ann" } },
  { upsert: true }            // if no match, INSERT a new document
);