Kepiye cara text search makarya ing MongoDB?

Question

Accepted Answer

MongoDB nyedhiyakake **text search** liwat **text indexes** — nggoleki string content kanggo tembung, kanthi stemming lan relevance scoring. Luwih kapabel tinimbang exact matching utawa regex kanggo word-based search, nanging kanggo kebutuhan search sing luwih canggih MongoDB Atlas Search (basis Lucene) utawa mesin dedicated asring digunakake.

## Nggawe text index lan searching

```js
// create a TEXT index on field(s)
db.articles.createIndex({ title: "text", body: "text" });   // index text content

// search using $text
db.articles.find({ $text: { $search: "mongodb database" } });
// → finds documents containing "mongodb" OR "database" (with stemming)

db.articles.find({ $text: { $search: "\"exact phrase\"" } });  // phrase search (quotes)
db.articles.find({ $text: { $search: "mongodb -mysql" } });    // exclude a term (-)
```

A **text index** ngaktifake `$text` searches sing cocog karo tembung (kanthi stemming — "running" cocog "run"), ndhukung frasa (quoted) lan exclusions (`-term`) — luwih kapabel tinimbang exact matching.

## Relevance scoring lan sorting

```js
// sort results by relevance using the text score
db.articles.find(
  { $text: { $search: "mongodb" } },
  { score: { $meta: "textScore" } }          // include the relevance score
).sort({ score: { $meta: "textScore" } });    // sort by relevance (most relevant first)
```

Text search nyedhiyakake **relevance scoring** (`textScore`) supaya kowé bisa ngrengga asil miturut kepiye apik-apike cocog — penting kanggo kalidad search.

## Keterbatasan lan alternatif

```text
MongoDB's built-in text search:
  ✓ Good for basic word search with stemming and relevance in a single language
  ✗ Limited: only ONE text index per collection, limited language/feature support,
    no fuzzy matching, autocomplete, or advanced relevance tuning

For richer search:
  → MongoDB ATLAS SEARCH (built on Apache Lucene) — full-text search with fuzzy matching,
    autocomplete, faceting, advanced relevance (the recommended approach on Atlas)
  → Or a dedicated search engine (Elasticsearch) for complex needs
```

## Regex versus text search

```text
Regex (/pattern/) → pattern matching, but no stemming/relevance, often can't use indexes
  efficiently (slow for "contains" searches) — fine for simple prefix matches
Text search → word-based, stemmed, ranked, indexed — better for actual word search
```

## Mengapa dadi penting

Text search minangka kapabilitas MongoDB sing migunani kanggo **nggawe funksionalitas search**, lan nulis mengerti — kalebu keterbatasane lan alternatiflipun — bernilai kanggo aplikasi sing butuh nggoleki text content.

MongoDB's **text indexes** built-in kanthi `$text` nyedhiyakake word-based search kanthi **stemming** (matching word variations kaya "running"/"run"), frasa lan exclusion support, lan **relevance scoring** (ngrengga asil miturut kalite cocog) — luwih kapabel tinimbang exact matching utawa regex kanggo word search asli, lan indexed (efisien).

Nulis mengerti iki ngidini kowé nambah funksionalitas search dhasar langsung ing MongoDB.

Sama penting iku nulis mengerti **keterbatasan** (mung siji text index per collection, fitur terbatas, ora ana fuzzy matching utawa autocomplete) lan **alternatif**: **MongoDB Atlas Search** (dibangun ing Apache Lucene, nyedhiyakake full-text search kayak kanthi fuzzy matching, autocomplete, lan relevance canggih — cara sing direkomendasikake kanggo serious search ing Atlas) utawa mesin search dedicated (Elasticsearch) kanggo kebutuhan kompleks.

Nulis mengerti kapan basic text search cukup versus kapan nggunakake Atlas Search utawa mesin dedicated nggambarake pangkat tinggi.

Kaitan iku nulis mengerti **regex versus text search** (regex kanggo simple pattern matching nanging tanpa stemming/relevance lan asring ora efisien; text search kanggo proper word-based search).

Amarga search minangka persyaratan aplikasi umum, lan amarga MongoDB nawakake text search built-in (cukup kanggo kebutuhan dhasar) kanthi keterbatasan jelas lan alternatif luwih apik (Atlas Search) kanggo kebutuhan luwih kayak, nulis mengerti MongoDB text search — text-index capability, keterbatasane, lan alternatiflipun — bernilai, ilmu praktis-relevan kanggo nggawe search ing aplikasi MongoDB lan kanggo milih cara search sing tepat kanggo persyaratan.