Pilihan deployment lan output build apa sing didukung dening Next.js?

Question

Accepted Answer

Next.js ndhukung pirang-pirang target deployment, sing dikontrol sebagian dening konfigurasi **`output`**. Pilihan sing bener gumantung marang apa kowe butuh server Node, container, utawa hosting statis murni.

## Mode output build

```js
// next.config.js
module.exports = {
  // output: undefined  → default: needs a Node.js server (full features)
  // output: "standalone" → self-contained folder for Docker/containers
  // output: "export"     → pure static HTML/CSS/JS (no server)
};
```

## 1. Default (server Node) — fitur lengkap

Mlayu server Node.js, mula kowe entuk **kabeh**: SSR, ISR, Server Actions, Route Handlers, optimisasi gambar, middleware. Iki apa sing digunakake platform kaya **Vercel** (pembuat Next.js, zero-config) lan host Node.

## 2. output: "standalone" — kanggo Docker / self-hosting

```dockerfile
# Next traces only the needed files into .next/standalone → a tiny, self-contained server
COPY --from=builder /app/.next/standalone ./
CMD ["node", "server.js"]
```

`standalone` ngasilake folder minimal sing mung ngandhut dependensi sing bener-bener digunakake, ideal kanggo image Docker cilik ing AWS, GCP, server dhewe, lsp. Kowe tetep njaga kabeh fitur server.

## 3. output: "export" — statis sepenuhnya

```text
next build → out/  (plain HTML/CSS/JS, deployable to any static host: S3, GitHub Pages, Netlify CDN)
```

Ekspor statis menehi hosting paling murah lan paling gampang nanging **mateni fitur server**: ora ana SSR, ora ana ISR, ora ana Route Handlers, ora ana Server Actions, ora ana optimisasi gambar ing-the-fly. Cocog mung kanggo situs statis sepenuhnya.

## Milih

```text
Need SSR/ISR/Server Actions, want zero-config → Vercel (or a Node host) — default output
Want containers / self-host with full features → output: "standalone" + Docker
Purely static content (docs, marketing)        → output: "export" → any static CDN
```

## Pertimbangan liyane

```text
- Runtime choice (Edge vs Node) affects where functions run
- Self-hosting ISR/caching needs persistent storage or a shared cache
- Image optimization on non-Vercel hosts may need a custom loader
```

## Kenapa iku penting

Deployment ora siji ukuran kanggo kabeh: mode `output` nemtokake fitur Next.js apa sing bisa isih urip.

Wawas yen output **default/Node** njaga kabeh kemampuan server, **standalone** ngapakake kanggo Docker/self-hosting, lan **export** nukar kabeh fitur server kanggo hosting statis murni liya, sampeyan bisa nyampur build menyang infrastruktur dhewe — lan nyingkir saka jebakan `output: "export"` sing mateni SSR/ISR/Server Actions kanthi tenanan.