Apa iku npm scripts lan lifecycle hooks?

npm scripts minangka perintah sing ditetepake ing field scripts ing package.json sing dijalanake kanthi npm run <name>. Ngawur tugas proyek (start, build, test, lint) supaya kabeh tim lan CI nggunakake perintah sing padha. Lifecycle hooks minangka script spesial sing npm jalanake kanthi otomatis ing titik-titik tartamtu.

Nentukake lan jalanake scripts

{
  "scripts": {
    "start": "node server.js",
    "dev": "nodemon server.js",
    "build": "tsc && vite build",
    "test": "vitest",
    "lint": "eslint src",
    "format": "prettier --write ."
  }
}

npm run dev       # any script
npm start         # `start` and `test` have shortcuts (no "run" needed)
npm test

Scripts bisa ngrangkai perintah kanthi && (jalanake kanthi urut, mandheg yen ana gagal) lan nduweni akses menyang binari sing dipasang lokal (ing node_modules/.bin) tanpa jalur — dadi "test": "vitest" bisa jalan senadyan vitest ora global.

Pre lan post hooks (otomatis)

{
  "scripts": {
    "prebuild": "rimraf dist",   // runs AUTOMATICALLY before "build"
    "build": "tsc",
    "postbuild": "echo done"     // runs AUTOMATICALLY after "build"
  }
}

npm kanthi otomatis jalanake pre<name> sadurunge lan post<name> sadurunge script apapun <name>. Dadi npm run build jalanake prebuild → build → postbuild kanthi urut — gampang kanggo tahap setup/cleanup.

Built-in lifecycle hooks

{
  "scripts": {
    "postinstall": "node setup.js",  // runs after `npm install` completes
    "prepare": "husky install"        // runs after install (commonly sets up git hooks)
  }
}

Hooks kaya postinstall lan prepare jalanake ing momen sing ditetepake ing lifecycle install — asring digunakake kanggo nyiyapake git hooks (husky) utawa ngompilake dependensi native. (Kanthi hati-hati: postinstall scripts ing dependensi uga dadi pertimbangan keamanan supply-chain.)

Ngluwarkake argument lan env vars

npm run test -- --watch          # pass args to the script after --
NODE_ENV=production npm start    # set an env var for the run

Alasan npm scripts tinimbang Makefile/global tools

✓ Self-documenting — `package.json` shows all available tasks
✓ Cross-platform-ish, no global installs needed (uses local node_modules/.bin)
✓ Standard across the JS ecosystem — every dev knows `npm run`

Apa sing penting

npm scripts minangka task runner standar kanggo proyek Node/JS — sing nglumpukake lan ndokumentasikake carane start, build, test, lan lint aplikasi, mesthekake kabeh wong (lan CI) jalanake perintah sing padha.

Ngrerteni komposisi script, automatic pre/post hooks (kanggo setup/cleanup), lan lifecycle hooks kaya postinstall/prepare nganti otomatisake alur kerja proyek kanthi resik.

Dadi lem tooling proyek lan muncul ing meh kabeh repositori Node.