Apa iku Node.js lan kanggo apa iku?

Question

Accepted Answer

**Node.js** iku runtime sing ndadekake sampeyan bisa mbukak JavaScript **ing njabane browser** — ing server, CLI, lan tooling. Dibangun ing ndhuwur engine **V8** Chrome lan nambah model I/O non-blocking, event-driven sing dirancang kanggo aplikasi jaringan sing scalable.

## Ide inti: single-threaded, non-blocking I/O

```js
const fs = require("fs");

// non-blocking: the read happens in the background; the callback fires when done
fs.readFile("big.txt", "utf8", (err, data) => {
  console.log("file read complete");
});
console.log("this prints FIRST — the read didn't block");
```

Node mbukak JS sampeyan ing siji thread utama nanging mindahke I/O (file, jaringan, DB) menyang sistem lan nerusake eksekusi. Nalika I/O rampung, callback mbukak. Iki sebabe siji proses Node bisa nangani **ribuan koneksi bebarengan** tanpa siji thread per request.

## Kanggo apa Node apik

```text
✓ APIs & web servers (REST, GraphQL) — I/O-bound, many concurrent requests
✓ Real-time apps (chat, live updates) — WebSockets, event-driven model fits well
✓ Microservices — lightweight, fast startup
✓ CLIs & build tools (the entire npm/Vite/webpack ecosystem)
✓ Streaming (video, large files) via streams
```

## Kanggo apa IKU DUDU ideal

```text
✗ CPU-heavy work (image processing, big computations) — blocks the single thread
  → offload to worker threads, a queue, or another service
```

Amarga single-threaded kanggo JS sampeyan, pakaryan CPU beban nglokake kabeh — Node ngandheg kanggo beban pakaryan **I/O-bound**, dudu sing CPU-bound.

## Mengapa JavaScript ing mana-mana penting

```text
Same language front-end and back-end → shared code/types, one skill set,
huge npm ecosystem (the largest package registry).
```

## Mengapa iki penting

Node.js nglokake JavaScript menyang server lan nggawe populer model non-blocking, event-driven sing nggawe iku apik banget kanggo aplikasi **I/O-heavy, high-concurrency** (API, real-time, microservices).

Paham *mengapa* iku bisa scalable (async I/O ing siji thread) lan *ing ngendi iku berjuang* (pakaryan CPU-bound) iku fondasi kanggo nggunakake iku kanthi apik — iki iku tulang punggung akeh backend JavaScript modern lan tooling.