Apa iku API gateway lan apa sing ditindakake?

Question

Accepted Answer

Sawijining **API gateway** yaiku titik mlebu tunggal sing lungguh ing ngarep layanan backend — nangani keperluan lintas-potong seperti routing, authentication, rate limiting, lan luwih. Iku utamane gunane ing arsitektur microservices kanggo ngentralisir fungsionalitas umum.

## Apa sing ditindakake API gateway

```text
The API GATEWAY is a single entry point in front of backend services:
  Client → API GATEWAY → ┬→ Service A
                         ├→ Service B
                         └→ Service C
  → handles cross-cutting concerns in ONE place (so services don't each implement them)
  → routes requests to the right service; abstracts the backend from clients
```

## Tanggung jawab gateway umum

```text
✓ ROUTING → direct requests to the appropriate backend service
✓ AUTHENTICATION/authorization → verify identity/permissions centrally
✓ RATE LIMITING / throttling → protect backends from abuse/overload
✓ Request/response TRANSFORMATION; protocol translation; aggregation (combine service calls)
✓ CACHING; load balancing; SSL termination
✓ LOGGING, monitoring, analytics; error handling
```

## Napa nggunakake API gateway

```text
✓ CENTRALIZE cross-cutting concerns → services don't each reimplement auth, rate limiting,
  etc. (DRY, consistent) — especially valuable with many microservices
✓ SINGLE entry point → simpler for clients; hides internal service structure
✓ Consistent security, monitoring, and policies across services
⚠️ but → can become a bottleneck or single point of failure (scale/HA it); adds a layer
→ very common in MICROSERVICES architectures.
```

## Napa iku penting

Nangerteni API gateway iku berharga amarga iku yaiku **komponen umum, penting** utamane ing arsitektur microservices, ngentralisir keperluan lintas-potong, dadi iku pengetahuan desain sistem sing gunane.

Sawijining API gateway — titik mlebu tunggal ing ngarep layanan backend — ngatasi kebutuhan penting ing sistem kasebut kanthi layanan pirang-pirang: nangani **keperluan lintas-potong ing sawijining papan** tinimbang saben layanan ngulang maneh.

Nangerteni **tanggung jawab umum** — routing (ngarahake panjalukan menyang layanan sing tepat), **authentication/authorization** sentral, **rate limiting**, transformasi lan agregasi panjalukan/tanggapan, caching, load balancing, SSL termination, lan logging/monitoring — ngetelakake apa akehe fungsionalitas sing dikentralisir gateway.

Nangerteni **napa nggunakake sawijining** yaiku nilai kunci: iku **ngentralisir keperluan lintas-potong** (dadi layanan ora perlu saben-saben ngulang maneh auth, rate limiting, lsp. — njaga DRY lan konsisten, utamane berharga kanthi akehe microservices), nyediakake **titik mlebu tunggal** (luwih prasaja kanggo klien, sorome struktur internal), lan njamin security, monitoring, lan kebijakan konsisten.

Nangerteni peringatan yen gateway bisa dadi **kendala utawa titik kegagalan tunggal** (mbutuhake scaling lan high availability) lan nambah lapisan nglumurake pangertosan imbang.

API gateway yaiku komponen standar ing arsitektur microservices (sing sabên dene bakal sebarake keperluan lintas-potong ing akehe layanan), nggawe penting kanggo nangerteni ing desain sistem modern.

Amarga API gateway yaiku komponen umum, penting (utamane ing microservices) sing ngentralisir keperluan lintas-potong (routing, auth, rate limiting) ing titik mlebu tunggal, lan amarga nangerteni apa sing ditindakake lan napa digunakake iku berharga kanggo ndesain sistem berbasis layanan, nangerteni API gateway yaiku pengetahuan desain sistem berharga, praksis-relevan — komponen standar ing arsitektur microservices kanggo ngentralisir keperluan lintas-potong, nyediakake titik mlebu tunggal lan kebijakan konsisten, lan balok bangunan penting kanggo ndesain sistem sing dumadi saka pirang-pirang layanan.