Kepiye carane milih database ing system design?

Question

Accepted Answer

Milih **database** sing tepat yaiku keputusan system design sing penting — antara tipe **SQL (relational)** lan **NoSQL** (document, key-value, lsp.), adhedhasar data, pola akses, skala, lan kabutuhan konsistensi. Database sing beda-beda cocok karo requirement sing beda.

## SQL vs NoSQL (pilihan utama)

```text
SQL (relational: PostgreSQL, MySQL) → structured data, tables, relationships, ACID:
  ✓ strong consistency, complex queries/joins, transactions, well-defined schema
  ✓ for: relational data, transactions, complex queries (most traditional apps)
NOSQL → various non-relational models, flexible schema, often easier horizontal scaling:
  → DOCUMENT (MongoDB) → flexible JSON-like docs
  → KEY-VALUE (Redis, DynamoDB) → simple, fast lookups, caching
  → WIDE-COLUMN (Cassandra) → massive scale, high write throughput
  → GRAPH (Neo4j) → relationships/networks
  ✓ for: flexible schema, huge scale, specific access patterns, high throughput
```

## Carane milih

```text
Consider:
  → DATA structure → relational/structured (SQL) vs flexible/varied (NoSQL document)
  → ACCESS PATTERNS → complex queries/joins (SQL) vs simple key lookups (key-value)
  → SCALE → massive horizontal scale / huge write volume (some NoSQL) vs moderate (SQL fine)
  → CONSISTENCY → strong consistency/transactions (SQL) vs eventual OK (some NoSQL)
  → choose the database that FITS the requirements (not just what's trendy)
```

## Polyglot persistence

```text
→ Use DIFFERENT databases for different needs in one system ("polyglot persistence"):
  e.g. PostgreSQL for core data + Redis for caching + Elasticsearch for search
→ no single database is best for everything → use the right tool for each job
```

## Apa gunane

Pamahaman babagan cara milih database yaiku pondasi, amarga **pilihan database yaiku keputusan system design sing penting lan berpengaruh** sing lumayan ngenteni kemampuan sistem, dadi iku pengetahuan sing penting banget.

Database yaiku pusad saka akeh sistem, lan milih sing tepat — antara **SQL (relational)** lan aneka tipe **NoSQL** — adhedhasar requirement yaiku keputusan arsitektur sing penting.

Pamahaman babagan perbedaan **SQL vs NoSQL** yaiku pondasi: database SQL menehi konsistensi sing kuat, query lan join sing rumit, transaksi, lan schema sing terstruktur (cocok karo data relational lan aplikasi tradisional), dene database NoSQL menehi schema sing fleksibel lan sering nggampang skalabilitas horizontal, kanthi tipe-tipe beda (document, key-value, wide-column, graph) sing cocok karo kabutuhan beda (data fleksibel, skala gede, throughput dhuwur, pola akses khusus).

Pamahaman babagan **carane milih** — adhedhasar struktur data (relational vs fleksibel), pola akses (query rumit vs pencarian sederhana), skala (skala horizontal gede vs sedeng), lan kabutuhan konsistensi (kuat vs eventual) — yaiku katrampilan kunci, kanthi prinsip penting kang pilih database sing **cocok karo requirement** tinimbang apa sing lagi trending.

Pamahaman babagan **polyglot persistence** — nggunakake database beda-beda kanggo kabutuhan beda ing sistem siji (conto: PostgreSQL kanggo data inti, Redis kanggo caching, Elasticsearch kanggo pencarian) — nggambarake pengakuan matang yen ora ana database siji sing paling apik kanggo kabeh, dadi nggunakake alat sing tepat kanggo saben tugas sering optimal.

Kabisan database yaiku pusat saka akeh sistem lan milih sing tepat (tipe SQL vs NoSQL, adhedhasar data, pola akses, skala, lan konsistensi) lumayan ngenteni kemampuan sistem lan yaiku keputusan design penting, lan kabisan pamahaman carane milih lan panggonan polyglot-persistence yaiku pondasi, pamahaman babagan carane milih database yaiku pengetahuan system design penting lan pondasi — keputusan penting lan berpengaruh ing system design, butuh pamahaman pilihan database lan carane cocokke karo requirement, lan pusat saka rancang sistem kanthi panyimpen data sing mangkono.