Pengujian perisian mempunyai beberapa peringkat (mengikut skop) dan jenis (mengikut tujuan). Memahaminya — unit, integration, end-to-end; functional vs non-functional — membantu membina pendekatan pengujian lengkap yang meliputi pelbagai aspek kualiti.
Peringkat pengujian (mengikut skop)
UNIT → individual functions/methods in isolation (smallest, fastest, most numerous)
INTEGRATION → multiple units/components working TOGETHER (e.g. code + database, services)
END-TO-END (E2E) → the WHOLE application from the user's perspective (full flows,
through the real UI/system) — broadest, slowest
SYSTEM → the complete integrated system; ACCEPTANCE → meets business requirements
