Peress li kull process għandu address space iżolat, ma jistgħux sempliċiment jaqsmu variabbli — jeħtieġu inter-process communication (IPC). L-OS joffri diversi mekkaniżmi, li jvarjaw fil-veloċità, fid-direzzjoni, u jekk jaħdmux bejn magni.
Il-mekkaniżmi ewlenin
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Pipe / FIFO → byte stream, one direction; anonymous pipe = parent↔child, named FIFO = any procs
e.g. ls | grep foo (the shell wires stdout→stdin via a pipe)
Shared memory → both map the SAME physical pages → FASTEST (no copy), but you must
synchronize access yourself (semaphore/mutex)
Message queue → kernel-managed queue of discrete messages; decoupled, preserves boundaries
Socket → bidirectional stream/datagram; UNIX-domain (same host) or TCP/UDP (across network)
Signal → tiny async notification (a number), e.g. SIGINT, SIGTERM — control, not data transfer