Android possui um modelo de threading rigoroso centrado na thread principal (UI) — que deve lidar com UI e permanecer responsiva. Compreender threading, por que o trabalho deve ser movido para fora da thread principal, e as ferramentas (coroutines e historicamente threads/handlers) é importante para aplicativos responsivos.
A regra da thread principal
Android has a single MAIN (UI) thread that:
→ handles ALL UI operations (drawing, events) — UI updates MUST happen on it
→ must stay RESPONSIVE — blocking it freezes the UI; >5s blocked = ANR (App Not Responding)
TWO key rules:
1. DON'T do long/blocking work on the main thread (network, DB, heavy compute) → move it off
2. DON'T update UI from a background thread → switch back to the main thread for UI
