Optimizacija Docker slik vključuje zmanjšanje velikosti (manjše, hitrejše, bolj varno) in izboljšanje uspešnosti gradnje (hitrejša gradnja preko cachiranja). Tehnike vključujejo minimalne osnovne slike, večstopenjske gradnje, optimizacijo slojev, BuildKit in premišljeno oblikovanje Dockerfile.
Zmanjšanje velikosti slike
✓ MINIMAL base images:
- alpine (tiny, ~5MB) — but musl libc can cause compatibility issues for some apps
- slim variants (e.g. python:3.12-slim) — smaller than full, fewer compat issues
- DISTROLESS — only the app + runtime, NO shell/package manager (smallest, most secure)
- scratch — empty base (for static binaries, e.g. Go) → minimal image
✓ MULTI-STAGE builds — build with tools, ship only the artifact (huge size savings)
✓ Combine RUN layers + clean up IN the same layer:
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y x && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
(cleanup in a SEPARATE layer doesn't shrink the image — the files are in the earlier layer)
✓ .dockerignore — keep junk out of the context/image
✓ Remove caches, temp files, dev dependencies in production images
