Server Actions ni vitendo vya asynchronous vinavyotumiwa kwenye server lakini vinaweza kuitwa moja kwa moja kutoka kwa komponenti zako (ikiwemo fomu na vielezi vya matukio) — na kusomeza utendaji wa mabadiliko (kuunda/kubadilisha/kufuta) bila kujenga endpoint la API kwa mikono. Unaweka alama yake kwa faharasa "use server".
// app/todos/actions.ts
"use server";
import { revalidatePath } from "next/cache";
export async function createTodo(formData: FormData) {
const title = formData.get("title") as string;
await db.todo.create({ data: { title } }); // runs on the server — DB access, secrets
revalidatePath("/todos"); // refresh the cached page with new data
}
// app/todos/page.tsx — wire the action straight to a form
import { createTodo } from "./actions";
export default function Page() {
return (
<form action={createTodo}> {/* no onSubmit, no fetch, no /api route */}
<input name="title" />
<button>Add</button>
</form>
);
}
action ya fomu inaelekeza kwenye Server Action. Wakati wa kusoma, Next.js huutuma FormData kwenye server, inaendesha chaguo hilo hapo, na inaweza kubaini upya kurasa zilizoathiriwa — yote bila njia ya API na bila msimbo wa fetch wa upande wa mteja.
"use client";
import { createTodo } from "./actions";
export function AddButton() {
return <button onClick={() => createTodo(/* ... */)}>Add</button>;
}
route.ts na ukingaji wa mteja.revalidatePath/revalidateTag zinarejeshea data iliyohifadhiwa baada ya mabadiliko.⚠️ Server Actions are PUBLIC endpoints under the hood — always validate input and
check authorization inside them, exactly as you would a real API route.
Server Actions imejenga lundo la kawaida la mabadiliko (njia ya API + ukingaji wa mteja + usimamizi wa hali) kwenye chaguo moja la server unachokamatia moja kwa moja — jibu la App Router kwa fomu na mabadiliko ya data.
Yanapunguza boilerplate, kuwezesha maboresho ya taratibu, na kuunganisha na kuhifadhi kwenye hifadhi/kubaini upya, lakini (kama endpoint yoyote) inahitaji uthibitisho na ukaguzi wa uthibitisho ndani yao.
Maktaba ya maswali ya mahojiano ya IT yenye majibu ya kina — kutoka Junior hadi Senior.
Changia