HTTP status codes zimepangwa katika madaraja matano kwa tarakimu yao ya kwanza, na kuchagua sahihi huruhusu clients kuitikia kwa usahihi bila ku-parse body.
2xx Success — the request worked
3xx Redirection — further action / resource moved
4xx Client error — the caller did something wrong
5xx Server error — the server failed
2xx
200 OK — mafanikio ya jumla (GET, PUT, PATCH).201 Created — rasilimali iliundwa (rudisha header ya Location).202 Accepted — imekubaliwa kwa uchakataji wa async, bado haijakamilika.204 No Content — mafanikio bila body (kawaida kwa DELETE).4xx
400 Bad Request — syntax mbovu au input isiyo halali.401 Unauthorized — haijathibitishwa (hakuna/credentials batili).403 Forbidden — imethibitishwa lakini hairuhusiwi.404 Not Found — rasilimali haipo.409 Conflict — inagongana na hali ya sasa (mfano email inayojirudia).422 Unprocessable Entity — imeundwa vizuri lakini inashindwa validation.429 Too Many Requests — imewekewa kikomo cha kasi (rate limited).5xx
500 Internal Server Error — hitilafu ya server isiyotarajiwa.503 Service Unavailable — haipatikani kwa muda/imelemewa.POST /users → 201 Created
Location: /users/42
DELETE /users/42 → 204 No Content
GET /users/999 → 404 Not Found
{ "error": "user not found" }
Tofauti muhimu wahoji huchunguza: 401 ("wewe ni nani?") dhidi ya 403 ("nakujua, lakini hapana"), na 400 (syntax mbovu) dhidi ya 422 (syntax halali, data batili).
Status codes ni ishara ya msingi katika response ya REST — clients, proxies, monitoring, na logic ya retry zote hutegemea hizo, hivyo kuzipata sahihi ni muhimu kwa interoperability. Kushindwa kwa kawaida ni kurudisha 200 OK na body ya { "error": ... }: hulazimisha kila client ku-parse body ili kujua kama wito ulifanikiwa, huharibu tooling ya jumla ya HTTP, na huficha kushindwa kutoka monitoring. Codes sahihi pia huendesha tabia otomatiki: 429 au 503 humwambia client aliyejengwa vizuri kurudi nyuma na kurudia, ilhali 4xx husema "usirudie, rekebisha request." Wahoji hutumia swali hili kuangalia kama unaelewa HTTP kama mkataba badala ya njia ya usafirishaji isiyo na akili, na kwamba unatofautisha jozi tata (401/403, 400/422) kwa usahihi — alama ya mtu aliyejenga na kutumia APIs halisi.
Maktaba ya maswali ya mahojiano ya IT yenye majibu ya kina — kutoka Junior hadi Senior.
Changia