Ni nini zana za kawaida za kufuatilia na jinsi gani unavyochagua kati yao?

Question

Accepted Answer

Mandhari yanagawanyika kwa kila nguzo — metriki, magogo, athari — pamoja na jukwaa lote-katika linaloadhiminiwa. Chaguo linategemea **inayokamatia mwenyewe dhidi ya inayoadhiminiwa**, iliyoongozwa na saizi ya timu, bajeti, na kiwango.

## Zana kwa kila nguzo

```text
METRICS    Prometheus  → pull-based scraping, time-series DB, PromQL query language
           Grafana     → dashboards on top of Prometheus (and many other sources)

LOGS       ELK         → Elasticsearch + Logstash + Kibana (powerful, heavy to run)
           Loki        → "Prometheus for logs": cheap, indexes labels not full text

TRACES     Jaeger      → distributed tracing, OpenTelemetry-compatible
           Tempo       → trace backend that pairs with Grafana/Loki

ALL-IN-ONE Datadog     → managed metrics + logs + traces + APM in one product
```

## Kwa nini Prometheus + Grafana ni kielelezo cha kawaida cha chanzo huria

Prometheus **inakuvuta** metriki kutoka kwa nini kinachokakamata (huduma inafichua `/metrics`), inazihifadhi katika DB ya mlolongo wa wakati, na inarejea kwa **PromQL**. Kuvuta kunafanya lengo kuwa rahisi kugunua na kuangalia afya. Grafana inakaa juu kwa uonyeshaji. Loki na Tempo zinapanua kila stack sawa kwa magogo na athari, zote zinaweza kuulizwa katika UI moja ya Grafana.

```promql
# PromQL: per-route error ratio over 5 minutes
sum by (route) (rate(http_requests_total{status=~"5.."}[5m]))
  / sum by (route) (rate(http_requests_total[5m]))
```

## Compromiso ya inayokamatia mwenyewe dhidi ya inayoadhiminiwa

```text
SELF-HOSTED (Prometheus/Grafana/Loki/Tempo)
  ✓ no per-host bill, full control, no data leaves your infra
  ✗ you run, scale, and patch it; storage & HA are your problem

MANAGED (Datadog, Grafana Cloud)
  ✓ no ops burden, integrations out of the box, scales for you
  ✗ costs grow fast with hosts/volume; some vendor lock-in
```

## Jinsi ya kuchagua

```text
Small team / tight budget   → self-hosted Prometheus + Grafana (+ Loki)
Fast-moving, ops-light team  → managed (Datadog / Grafana Cloud)
Large scale / strict cost    → self-host the core, but budget for the ops team
```

## Kwa nini ina umuhimu

Hakuna zana ya kumjua kwa ulimwengu — tu kulingana vizuri na mipango yako. Kampuni yenye watu 5 hutofautiana kulidza kuzomea cluster ya HA Elasticsearch; kampuni kubwa inaweza kumwaga sita ya nambari kwa mwaka kwenye jukwaa linaloadhiminiwa linaweza kulingana mwenyewe. Kujua ni nini kila zana inafanya na kuchemsha-vs-inayoadhiminiwa kunakuruhusu kuweka mtazamo kwa saizi ya timu, bajeti, na kiwango badala ya kumfuata nchi ile isiyo na sababu.