一个Dockerfile是一个文本文件,包含构建Docker镜像的指令——它描述基础镜像、依赖项、要复制的文件,以及如何运行应用程序。它使镜像构建可重复和版本可控。
基本Dockerfile
dockerfile
# FROM — the base image to build on
FROM node:20-alpine
# WORKDIR — set the working directory inside the image
WORKDIR /app
# COPY dependency files first (for better layer caching)
COPY package*.json ./
# RUN — execute a command during the BUILD (install dependencies)
RUN npm install
# COPY the rest of the application code
COPY . .
# EXPOSE — document the port the app listens on
EXPOSE 3000
# CMD — the command to run when a CONTAINER starts
CMD ["node", "server.js"]
